1. Which of the following is NOT considered a major driver of early globalization?

• a) Technological advancements in transportation and communication

• b) The rise of colonialism and empires

• c) The development of international trade agreements

• d) The invention of social media platforms

2. Which international organization, established after World War II, aimed to promote international economic cooperation and trade?

• a) The United Nations (UN)

• b) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

• c) The International Monetary Fund (IMF)

• d) The World Trade Organization (WTO)

3. The Washington Consensus, a set of economic policies promoting deregulation, privatization, and trade liberalization, is associated with which ideology?

• a) Capitalism

• b) Socialism

• c) Communism

• d) Mercantilism

4. Globalization can benefit developing countries by?

• a) Increasing unemployment due to outsourcing.

• a) Increasing unemployment due to outsourcing.

• b) Providing access to new markets and trade opportunities.

• c) Primarily benefiting wealthy developed nations.

• d) Limiting their cultural identity.

5. A major challenge developing countries face due to globalization is?

• a) Increased access to information and technology.

• b) Exploitation of cheap labour and resources.

• c) Universally standardized education systems.

• d) A decline in the importance of national borders.

6. Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of many developing countries in the globalized world?

• a) Reliance on primary commodity exports.

• b) High levels of poverty and income inequality.

• c) Strong domestic manufacturing sectors.

• d) Developed infrastructure for transportation and communication.

7. International organizations like the World Trade Organization (WTO) aim to?

• a) Restrict trade between countries.

• b) Promote free trade and reduce barriers.

• c) Limit the influence of multinational corporations.

• d) Enforce environmental regulations on all nations.

8. The "race to the bottom" refers to?

• a) Increased environmental regulations in developing countries.

• b) Developing countries competing by offering lower wages and weaker regulations.

• c) Developed nations prioritizing environmental sustainability.

• d) A global decline in worker protections.

9. A concern regarding the impact of globalization on developing countries' cultures is?

• a) Increased appreciation for diverse cultural expressions.

• b) Domination of Western cultural influences through media and technology.

• c) A global homogenization of cultural practices.

• d) Development of stronger national identities in developing countries.

10. The emergence of the internet and digital technologies has significantly impacted globalization by?

• a) Increasing trade barriers and protectionism

• b) Facilitating faster communication and global information sharing

• c) Slower international travel and cultural exchange

• d) Decline of international organizations and cooperation