Unit 4 Test Review for AP/IB Psychology Y1

Beth visited her grandmother to help bake Christmas cookies. She burned herself on a hot pan, and even though she was not badly hurt, she feels anxious when her parents mention visiting her grandmother to help cook. In classical conditioning, what is the CS and the UCS in the scenario, respectively?

• grandmother's house; burning her hand

• grandmother's house; fear

• fear; grandmother's house

• anxiety; fear

A mental image of a spatial layout is called:

• algorithm

• mental set

• cognitive map

• heuristic

In operant conditioning, 'if A, then B' in a relationship, A and B represent, respectively...

• stimulus; reinforcement

• response; reinforcement

• response; stimulus

• stimulus; stimulus

It is easier to condition individuals to be afraid of snakes than of electrical outlets because of a phenomenon called:

• observational learning

• extinction

• shaping

• biological preparedness

For every 5 cars Michael sells, he receives a $300 bonus. The bonuses are an example of which of the following types of reinforcement schedules?

• fixed ratio

• fixed interval

• continuous

• variable ratio

Studies show that events occurring closer together in time are easier to associate that those occurring a widely different times. If a parent is disciplining a child, they should avoid:

• corporal punishment

• mild punishment

• delay of punishment

• inescapable punishment

If a student misbehaves and receives attention from the teacher (although it is negative attention), he continues to misbehave. The teacher's attention serves as a:

• positive reinforcement

• positive punishment

• negative reinforcement

• primary reinforcement

A group of brain cells that provide a basis for observational learning are called:

• efferent neurons

• afferent neurons

• mirror neurons

• motor neurons

Operant conditioning involves the formation of associations between __________ and their __________.

• consequences; responses

• positive reinforcement; behaviors

• negative reinforcement; passive learning

• responses; consequences

If you say 'goodnight' to your family, followed by the slamming of your bedroom door, hearing the word 'goodnight' becomes a:

• unconditioned stimulus

• conditioned stimulus

• positive reinforcer

• conditioned response