Grade 4 Science Quiz: Earth's Changing Landscape (Part 1)

Which type of rock is formed by the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

• Igneous

• Crystalline

Answer explanation

The three main types of rocks involved in the rock cycle are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. These rocks are formed through different processes and can transform into one another over time.

What are the three types of rocks in the rock cycle?

• Granite, Basalt, Quartz

• Water, Air, Fire

• Red, Blue, Yellow

• Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic

Answer explanation

The three stages of the rock cycle are Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed from cooled magma, sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation of sediments, and metamorphic rocks are formed from the transformation of existing rocks under high pressure and temperature.

How is the Law of Superposition applied in the study of rock strata?

• The Law of Superposition is applied to determine the color of rock layers by analyzing the position of the rock layers in a sequence.

• The Law of Superposition is applied to determine the relative age of rock layers by analyzing the position of the rock layers in a sequence.

• The Law of Superposition is applied to determine the hardness of rock layers by analyzing the position of the rock layers in a sequence.

• The Law of Superposition is applied to determine the size of rock layers by analyzing the position of the rock layers in a sequence.

Answer explanation

The Law of Superposition determines the relative age of rock layers by analyzing their position in a sequence.

Why are rock strata important in understanding the Earth's history?

• To provide a record of the Earth's future

• To hide valuable minerals

• To make the Earth look pretty

• To provide a record of the Earth's history

Answer explanation

Rock strata are important in understanding the Earth's history because they provide a record of the Earth's history.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

How are intrusive rocks formed in rock layers?

• By evaporating from the Earth's surface

• By cooling and solidifying beneath the Earth's surface

• By being created through volcanic eruptions

• By being formed from compressed plant material

Answer explanation

Intrusive rocks are formed by cooling and solidifying beneath the Earth's surface.

What is the difference between intrusion and extrusion in rock layers?

• Intrusion occurs when molten rock is forced into pre-existing rock layers, while extrusion occurs when molten rock flows out onto the Earth's surface.

• Intrusion and extrusion are the same thing and can be used interchangeably.

• Intrusion is when rocks are pushed out of the Earth's surface, while extrusion is when rocks are forced into pre-existing rock layers.

• Intrusion occurs when molten rock flows out onto the Earth's surface, while extrusion occurs when molten rock is forced into pre-existing rock layers.

Answer explanation

Intrusion is when molten rock is forced into pre-existing rock layers, while extrusion is when molten rock flows out onto the Earth's surface.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

• Sedimentary rocks are formed from the metamorphism of existing rocks.

• Sedimentary rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma.

• Sedimentary rocks are formed from compacting and compressing sediments.

• Sedimentary rocks are formed from volcanic eruptions.

Answer explanation

Sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation and compression of sediments, creating rock strata like shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

What are the two types of rocks involved in the formation of metamorphic rocks?

• Metamorphic rocks and sedimentary rocks

• Granite rocks and marble rocks

• Igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks

• Sedimentary rocks and igneous rocks

Answer explanation

Metamorphic rocks are formed from sedimentary and igneous rocks.

Describe how sedimentary rocks are transformed into igneous rocks in the rock cycle.

• Sedimentary rocks are transformed into igneous rocks through the process of weathering and erosion, which breaks them down into smaller particles that are then compacted and cemented to form new sedimentary rocks.

• Sedimentary rocks are transformed into igneous rocks through the process of melting and cooling. They are subjected to extreme heat and pressure, causing them to melt into magma. This magma then cools and solidifies to form igneous rocks.

• Sedimentary rocks are transformed into igneous rocks through the process of evaporation. They are heated until they evaporate, and then the vapor condenses to form igneous rocks.

• Sedimentary rocks are transformed into igneous rocks through the process of decomposition. They are broken down by organisms and the resulting organic matter is compressed to form igneous rocks.

Answer explanation

Igneous rocks form from cooling and solidification of molten rock. They play a role in the rock cycle by weathering and eroding to form sedimentary rocks or melting to form new igneous rocks.

What is the process by which metamorphic rocks are formed?

• By evaporation and crystallization

• By heat and pressure

• By erosion and deposition

• By freezing and thawing

Answer explanation

Sedimentary rocks contribute to new rock layers through compaction and cementation processes.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1