Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction Pathway Quiz

What are the chemical messages that cells respond to?

• Nucleic acids

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Peptides

Where are most receptors embedded in the cell?

• Nuclear membrane

• Endoplasmic reticulum

• Cell membrane

• Cytoplasm

What is the function of the transmembrane domain of a receptor?

• Regulates gene expression

• Controls metabolic processes

• Anchors the protein into the plasma membrane

• Activates second messengers

What is the role of g-proteins in the signal transduction pathway?

• Break off when the ligand binds

• Regulate gene expression

• Activate enzymes for mass production of molecules

• Control metabolic processes

What are the molecules mass produced by the enzyme in the signal transduction pathway called?

• Third messengers

• First messengers

• Second messengers

• Fourth messengers

What is the function of cyclic AMP in the signal transduction pathway?

• Anchors the protein into the plasma membrane

• Controls metabolic processes

• Regulates gene expression

• Activates protein kinases

What is the process of adding or removing phosphate in biology called?

• Glycosylation

• Phosphorylation

• Hydrolysis

• Dehydration synthesis

What is the final target of the phosphorylation cascade in the signal transduction pathway?

• Lysosomes

• Transcription factors

• Ribosomes

• Golgi apparatus

What is the role of ligands in signal transduction?

• They activate second messengers

• They anchor the protein into the plasma membrane

• They bind to receptors and initiate a series of reactions

• They regulate gene expression

What is the function of protein kinases in the signal transduction pathway?

• They control metabolic processes

• They add a phosphate group to other proteins

• They anchor the protein into the plasma membrane

• They break off when the ligand binds