Evolution, Natural Selection & Mutation Quiz

What is natural selection?

• The process of organisms adapting to their environment through conscious effort

• The process of artificially selecting traits in organisms

• The process of organisms randomly changing their traits

• The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Explain the process of natural selection with an example.

• The process of natural selection involves humans selecting which organisms survive and reproduce based on their preferences.

• Natural selection is a random process with no specific examples to illustrate it.

• The process of natural selection only occurs in controlled laboratory settings and not in the wild.

• The process of natural selection can be explained with the example of the peppered moth in England during the industrial revolution. Prior to the industrial revolution, the light-colored moths were well camouflaged against the light-colored trees. However, as the industrial revolution caused pollution and darkened the trees, the dark-colored moths became better camouflaged and had higher survival rates, leading to an increase in their population.

What are the factors that can lead to natural selection?

• Competition, cooperation, and genetic engineering

• Genetic variation, overproduction of offspring, struggle for existence, and differential survival and reproduction

• Climate change, migration, and extinction

• Random mutation, asexual reproduction, and symbiosis

How does natural selection contribute to the evolution of a species?

• By preventing any changes in the genetic makeup of a species

• By causing all organisms to develop the same traits

• By favoring traits that increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in a particular environment.

• By randomly changing the genetic code of an organism

What is evolution and how does it relate to natural selection?

• Evolution is the process of change in the inherited traits of a population over successive generations. Natural selection is one mechanism of evolution, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

• Evolution is the process of change in the color of an individual's hair. Natural selection is the process of choosing the most attractive traits.

• Evolution is the process of change in the size of an individual's body. Natural selection is the process of choosing the strongest traits.

• Evolution is the process of change in the weather patterns. Natural selection is the process of choosing the best traits for survival.

Explain the concept of descent with modification in the context of evolution.

• Organisms passing on genetic traits to their offspring, with the potential for those traits to change over time through the process of natural selection.

• Offspring inheriting genetic traits from their parents, but those traits remain unchanged over time

• Organisms passing on genetic traits to their offspring, with no potential for those traits to change over time

• Genetic traits changing over time due to organisms' conscious efforts

What are the different main categories or types of mutations?

• Silent mutations, missense mutations, nonsense mutations

• Point mutations (aka substitution), frameshift mutations, chromosomal mutations

• Insertion mutations, deletion mutations, translocation mutations

• Substitution mutations, duplication mutations, inversion mutations

How do mutations contribute to genetic variation?

• Mutations have no impact on genetic variation

• Mutations only affect non-essential genes

• Mutations cause genetic uniformity

• Mutations create new alleles and genetic diversity.

What are the potential effects of mutations on an organism's phenotype?

• Decrease in the number of mutations

• Increase in genetic diversity

• No effect on the organism's phenotype

• Changes in physical characteristics, behavior, and other traits