Cause and Effect

The feudal system was weakened. The power of the church and pope grew.

• Shifts in power

• Economy

• World View

• Technology

Trade prospered during the crusades. Venice and Genoa became rich. Merchants became wealthy.

• Shifts in power

• Economy

• World View

• Technology

Europeans traveled far away from home for the first time. They saw great cities with beautiful buildings, tasted new foods, and encountered new ideas.

• Shifts in power

• Society

• World View

• Technology

Shipbuilding was improved due to Arab shipbuilding practices.

• Shifts in power

• Society

• World View

• Technology

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More opportunities for jobs away from the manor became available. The middle class grew. Luxury goods became available to Europeans.

• Shifts in power

• Society

• World View

• Technology

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Why did Pope Leo II support the sale of indulgences?

• He wanted to raise more money for arts, church building projects, and wars with France.

• He thought the indulgences would provide citizens relief from punishment for their sins.

• Johann Tetzel preached that Catholics should purchase indulgences.

• He didn't like Martin Luther and wanted to make him angry

What was the result of Martin Luther's reform efforts?

The ideas in the “Ninety-five Theses” spread. Many people agreed with Luther and felt that the Church had become corrupt. However, the Catholic Church ordered Luther to renounce, or take back, what he wrote. Luther refused. As a result, the Church pronounced him guilty of the crime of heresy, or speaking against the Church and its teachings. Because the Church did not address the concerns of Luther and many of his followers in a timely way, the movement to reform the Church only grew. Over time, the Church lost some of its power and the number of Protestants increased.

• No one paid attention to Martin Luther's "Ninety-five Theses," so not much happened.

• The Catholic Church thought Martin Luther had some valid points and worked to correct their wrongdoings.

• Many people agreed with Luther. The power of the Catholic Church decreased, and many people became Protestant Christians.

• The church praised Martin Luther for his boldness and canonized him as a saint.

  
  

Lorenzo Medici was patron of the arts...

• ...which led to the Renaissance starting in Florence, Italy.

• ...which led to a more educated, informed, and literate society.

• ...which started the Scientific Revolution.

Gutenberg's printing press made print, books, and communication more available to the people...

• ...which led to the Renaissance starting in Florence, Italy.

• ...which led to a more educated, informed, and literate society.

• ...which started the Scientific Revolution.

• ...which started the Age of Exploration and the Voyages of Discovery.

Scientists used observation and logical thinking during this time...

• ...which led to the Renaissance starting in Florence, Italy.

• ...which led to a more educated, informed, and literate society.

• ...which started the Scientific Revolution.

• ...which started the Age of Exploration and the Voyages of Discovery.