Utilization of Waste from Industries

What can be recovered from plant by-products?

• Proteins, fibers, antioxidants, colorants

• Vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats

• Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen

• Metals, plastics, glass, paper

In by-products from plant processing, what can be recovered from citrus fruits?

• Dietary fibers

• Flavonoids

• Carotenoids and terpenoids

• All of them

Some aspects that have to be considered in the processing steps for the recovery of functional compounds are wet milling (a form of pretreatment), solvent extraction and drying. Explain why wet milling is so important.

Which part of protein recovery contains 95% of protein content?

• Protein flour

• Protein concentrate

• Protein isolate

Insoluble dietary fibers increase firmness of the products and provides higher fat absorption capacity, while soluble dietary fibers contribute to the stabilization of the food structure through the gel formation or thickening of the continuous phase. Is this true?

• Yes

• No

What are the potential products from food/agriculture waste?

• Medicines, cosmetics, perfumes, soaps

• Books, music, movies, games

• Clothing, electronics, furniture, vehicles

• Biofuels, animal feed, fertilizers, chemicals

Bioethanol, as an alternative to the fossil fuels, is mainly produced by

• Bacteria fermentation

• Yeast fermentation

• Fungus fermentation

In bioplastics, what does PLA stands for?

• PLA is a thermoplastic polyester derived from lactic acid obtained from fermentation.

• PLA can be produced by chemical conversion of food/agricultural wastes into dextrose. What is the last step of PLA production?

• Milling

• Hydrolysis

• Polymerization

• Condensation

Name a few industrially important enzymes.