Basic Clinical Review

What is the definition of a noninfectious disease?

• A disease caused by something unique to a particular individual

• A disease caused by microscopic organisms

• A specific illness with a recognizable group of signs and symptoms and a clear cause

• A disease that can be spread from person to person

Which of the following is an example of a noninfectious disease?

• Malaria

• Influenza

• Hereditary disease

• Tuberculosis

What are the five types of infectious agents?

• Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminths

• Bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and helminths

• Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, algae, and helminths

• Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae

What is the incubation stage of an acute infection?

• The period when the first symptoms appear

• The stage when the disease is at its peak

• The time of exposure to the pathogen

• The period when there are no signs of disease but the patient is still infectious

What is the portal of entry for a pathogen to enter a potential host?

• Blood

• Nonintact skin

• Respiratory tract and secretions

• Mucous membranes

What is the purpose of Standard Precautions in healthcare?

• To address respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette

• To protect workers from occupational exposures to blood and other potentially infectious materials

• To minimize or eliminate the risk of bloodborne pathogen exposures

• To prevent contact, droplet, and airborne transmission

What is the maximum penalty for an employer who fails to comply with OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens Standard?

• $5,000 for the first violation and up to $50,000 for repeated violations

• $7,000 for the first violation and up to $70,000 for repeated violations

• $3,000 for the first violation and up to $30,000 for repeated violations

• $10,000 for the first violation and up to $100,000 for repeated violations

What is the purpose of personal protective equipment (PPE) in healthcare?

• To obtain or make energy from the food eaten

• To maintain a steady state created by all the body systems working together

• To provide a consistent and unvarying internal environment

• To protect the wearer's body from injury or infection

What is the average normal oral temperature?

• 97.6°F (36.6°C)

• 99.6°F (37.6°C)

• 98.6°F (37°C)

• 96.6°F (35.6°C)

What is the purpose of the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act?

• To identify and make use of safer medical devices

• To revise the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

• To minimize or eliminate the risk of bloodborne pathogen exposures

• To direct OSHA to protect workers from occupational exposures to blood and other potentially infectious materials