Biology Quiz: Replication, Transcription, Translation, and Mutation

Question 1: What is the purpose of DNA replication?

• To make an identical copy of DNA

• To create a new type of DNA

• To produce RNA molecules

• To repair damaged DNA

Question 2: Explain the process of DNA replication.

• DNA replication is the process of creating a single strand of DNA from a double strand

• The process of DNA replication involves unwinding of the DNA double helix, separation of the DNA strands, and synthesis of new complementary strands using the existing strands as templates.

• DNA replication occurs by the joining of two separate DNA molecules

• The process of DNA replication involves the formation of RNA from DNA

Question 4: What is the role of mRNA in the translation process?

• Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

• Serves as a structural component of the ribosome

• Plays no role in the translation process

• Carries genetic information from ribosome to DNA

Question 5: How does the translation process result in the formation of a protein?

• mRNA is converted directly into a protein without the need for ribosomes or tRNA

• mRNA is read by ribosomes, and tRNA brings the corresponding amino acids on the anti codon to form a polypeptide chain, which then folds into a protein

• Ribosomes read the DNA directly to form a protein, bypassing the need for mRNA and tRNA

• tRNA reads the mRNA and forms a polypeptide chain without the involvement of ribosomes

Question 8: Discuss the effects of mutations on an organism's phenotype.

• Mutations only affect an organism's genotype

• Mutations can result in changes to an organism's phenotype.

• Mutations have no effect on an organism's phenotype

• Mutations always result in a negative phenotype

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Which choice describes DNA after semi-conservative replication has taken place?

1. Two molecules, each with two new strands

2. Two molecules, each with two original strands.

3. Two molecules, each with one original strand and one new strand

4. One molecule with two original strands, and one molecule with two new strands

• 1. Two molecules, each with two new strands

• 1. Two molecules, each with two original strands.

• 1. Two molecules, each with one original strand and one new strand

• 1. One molecule with two original strands, and one molecule with two new strands

How does the process of DNA replication impact mutations in an individual?

• All DNA replication stops when there is a mutation, so the mutation won't hurt the

  individual.

• Replication only produces new DNA strands, so the old stand with the mutation is

  destroyed.

• Since replication keeps the old strands as templates, mutations may be carried into future

  strands.

• Mutations are often lost since the cell will die during the replication process if the DNA is

  mutated.

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The table shows steps for DNA replication.

Which Step Is incorrect?

• Step 1 is incorrect because DNA doesn’t unwind in the nucleus, instead it unwinds in the

  cytoplasm.

• Step 2 is incorrect because the complementary base pairs are used as a template and not

  deleted.

• Step 3 is incorrect because the DNA remains unwound to be transcribed into RNA.

• Step 4 is incorrect because the resulting DNA molecules are not identical.

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The table shows part of the process of DNA replication:

What is the most likely effect this could have on genetic information going forward?

• There will be no change in the genetic information that gets transmitted because the

  complementary strand will never be used as a template.

• There will not be a change in the genetic information that gets transmitted because the

  cells having the new section of DNA will correct any mutations.

• There will be a change in the genetic information that gets transmitted due to the

  complementary strand being used as a template in future DNA replication.

• D. There will be a change in the genetic information that gets transmitted because the

  sections of DNA with mistakes will be passed on to make future generations stronger.

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An original DNA sequence retrieved from the gametes of a female Golden Retriever and

a mutated DNA sequence from her puppy are pictured

How will this mutation affect the offspring of this puppy?

• The mutation will cause a genotypic change in this puppy, but its offspring will not inherit

  this mutation.

• The mutation will not cause a genotypic change in the puppy and its offspring, but will

  cause a phenotypic change.

• The mutation will cause a genotypic and phenotypic change in the puppy, but the

  offspring are not affected by this mutation.

• The mutation will cause a genotypic change in the puppy, but will not cause a phenotypic

  change in the puppy and its offspring.

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