U3L5A Mutation Basics

What are mutations?

• Changes in the nucleotide sequence of RNA

• Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

• Changes in the nucleotide sequence of proteins

• Changes in the nucleotide sequence of carbohydrates

Are mutations helpful or harmful?

• Mutations never happen

• Mutations are always harmful

• Mutations happen regularly and many are repaired by enzymes

• Mutations only occur in germ-line cells

What are Point Mutations?

• Changes multiple bases at once

• Changes a single base

• Changes the entire DNA sequence

• Changes the entire RNA sequence

What does a Frameshift Mutation look like?

• Deletion of a base

• Changes in the amino acid sequence

• Addition of a base

• No change in the DNA sequence

What are Substitution Mutations?

• Changes the entire RNA sequence

• Changes the entire DNA sequence

• Changes multiple bases at once

• Changes a single base

What is a disorder that arises from a Nonsense mutation?

• Cystic Fibrosis

• Sickle Cell disease

• Hemophilia

• Down Syndrome

What is the result of a Silent Mutation?

• Changes the entire DNA sequence

• Causes a frameshift mutation

• No change in the amino acid sequence

• Changes the amino acid sequence

What is the result of a Missense Mutation?

• Changes the amino acid sequence

• No change in the amino acid sequence

• Changes the entire DNA sequence

• Causes a frameshift mutation

What is the result of a Frameshift Insertion?

• No change in the DNA sequence

• Changes in the amino acid sequence

• Addition of a base

• Deletion of a base

What is the result of a Frameshift Deletion?

• Changes in the amino acid sequence

• No change in the DNA sequence

• Addition of a base

• Deletion of a base