Geological Hazards and Landforms

How does glacial erosion form the U-shaped valleys and moraines (A moraine is a landform composed of unconsolidated glacial debris, including rocks, soil, and sediment, that has been carried and deposited by a glacier)?

What are the consequences of mass wasting movements, specifically subsidence and settlement?

• Subsidence leads to the formation of sedimentary rift basins.

• Settlement is a rapid form of mass movement.

• Subsidence is a gradual sinking process.

• Mass movement has no impact on geological features.

How does wind transport explain the formation of sand dunes in desert landscapes?

• Sand dunes result from freeze and thaw cycles.

• Wind transport has no impact on desert landscapes.

• Sand dunes form through the movement of loose particles by wind.

• Sand dunes are exclusive to coastal regions.

What is the role of differential stress in the formation of various fault types?

• Compression stress leads to normal fault formation.

• Tensional stress is associated with reverse faults.

• Differential stress plays no role in fault development.

• Strike-slip faults result from lateral differential stress.

How are limestone pavements and stalactites form through carbonation?

• Limestone pavements result from freeze and thaw weathering.

• Carbonation has no impact on the formation of geological features.

• Stalactites form through physical weathering.

• Carbonation leads to the decomposition of rocks, forming limestone pavements and stalactites.

What is the role of rainwater in transporting rock pieces downstream?

• Rainwater has no impact on erosion.

• Gravity alone is responsible for rock transport.

• Rainwater provides the energy for erosion, transporting rock pieces downstream.

• Wind is the primary agent of rock transport.

How does the concept of freeze and thaw explain the formation of sand in arid desert regions?

• Freeze and thaw lead to chemical reactions.

• Freeze and thaw occur due to wind and waves.

• Freeze and thaw cause rocks to expand and contract.

• Freeze and thaw primarily affect rocks at lower elevations.

What is the impact of magma viscosity on volcanic eruptions?

• High viscosity magma leads to gentle eruptions.

• Low viscosity magma results in explosive eruptions.

• Magma viscosity does not influence volcanic activity.

• Magma chambers determine the type of emitted materials.

Which potential hazards are associated with soil erosion and mudslides in regions with heavy rainfall?

• Mass movement is unrelated to heavy rainfall.

• Soil erosion and mudslides are more likely in arid regions.

• Mass movement is limited to areas with low elevation.

• Heavy rainfall can trigger soil erosion and mudslides in susceptible regions.

How does sediment transport by rivers shapes the landscapes, including the formation of deltas and alluvial fans? (Delta: A delta is a triangular or fan-shaped landform at a river's mouth, formed by the deposition of sediment carried by the river into a body of water. Alluvial Fan: An alluvial fan is a fan-shaped deposit of sediment at the base of a mountain, created as a river spreads out and deposits material when exiting a narrow valley onto a flat plain.)

• Deltas form through wind transport.

• Rivers play no role in the shaping of landscapes.

• Sediment transport results in the formation of alluvial fans.

• Alluvial fans are exclusive to arid regions.