Cognition and Language

The objection to relying on people’s self-reports of why they made a decision is what?

• Inability to recall the decision-making factors
• Lack of understanding of the decision-making process
• Unwillingness to provide accurate information
• People often don’t know why they made that decision

When experts tried to predict U.S. and world events, the least accurate predictions were

made by who?

• those who were most confident in their judgments

• psychics
• fortune tellers
• amateurs

Those who made the most accurate predictions were noted for what?

• guesswork and speculation
• revising their opinions based on new evidence

• speed and efficiency
• creativity and innovation

Confirmation bias is characterized by what?

• The tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that challenges one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.
• The tendency to seek evidence that supports one's beliefs.

• The tendency to be completely neutral and unbiased in interpreting information.
• The tendency to ignore information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.

If someone interprets almost everything a mentally ill person does as a symptom, they are

demonstrating what?

• Information Bias

• Normalizing
• Conformation Bias

• Underpathologizing

A scientist showing preference for one hypothesis and designing experiments only to

support it, rather than disconfirming it,what is this an example of?

• Contradiction bias
• Neutral bias
• Rejection bias
• Confirmation bias

Disliking a politician and objecting to almost anything they say or do can be understood as an instance of what?

• unity in diversity
• bipartisanship
• political harmony
• conformation bias

Seeing only a single way to use an object is known as what?

• Functional fixedness
• Singular vision
• Limited perspective
• Narrow outlook

Demonstrating functional fixedness can be seen when someone imagines a spoon is only

for eating.

• True

• False

Ignoring the possibility of using a cell phone as a paperweight is an example of what?

• Using the phone as intended
• Functional fixedness

• Valuing the phone for its features
• Recognizing the potential