Summarizing and Sequencing Task Cards

Light is energy that travels in rays. Some of these rays we can see, so we call that visible light. Some of the rays we cannot see but we can feel their effect on us. We cannot see ultraviolet (UV) rays but they burn our skin when we are in the Sun without sunblock. We can also not see infrared rays but we can feel how hot they are on our skin. Your body also needs sunlight to make Vitamin D in your skin. Without Vitamin D your body cannot absorb calcium and your bones cannot grow and get strong. Light comes from a light source. Anything that produces light is called a source of light.

Which two sentences should be included in a summary of the article?

• Light is an energy that travels in rays.

• The sun will burn you without sunblock.

• Some of the rays we cannot see, but we can feel their effect on us.

• Vitamin D is in your skin.

• We need a light source to survive.

Do you enjoy standing outside on a warm summer day and feeling the warmth from the Sun on your skin? What about warming your hands on a frosty cold morning in front of a fire? You are feeling heat! The Sun provides us with light, but it also provides us with heat. Heat can be found in many different places. Anything that provides us with heat is a source of heat.

What are the two things the Sun provides?

• Energy and food

• Light and brightness

• Heat and warmth

• Heat and light

A mother goat leaves her seven children at home while she goes into the forest to find food. Before she leaves, she warns her young about the Big

Bad Wolf who will try to sneak into the house and gobble them up. The wolf will pretend to be their mother and convince the kids to open the door. The young children will be able to recognize their true mother by her white feet and sweet voice. The mother goat leaves. Before long, they hear a voice at the door that says, "Let me in children, your mother has something for each and every one of you." His gruff voice betrays him and the kids do not let him in. The wolf goes to a market and steals some honey to soften his voice. The wolf returns. This time the voice is high and sweet. They are about to let him in when the youngest kid looks under the crack in the door and notices the wolf's big, black feet. They refuse to open the door. The wolf goes to the bakery and steals some flour, smearing it all over his coat, turning his black feet white. He returns to the children's house. The kids see his white feet and hear his sweet voice, so they open the door.

Order the following events from beginning to end:

• The mother goat warns the kids about the Big Bad Wolf.

• The mother goat leaves.

• The wolf comes three times to trick the kids.

• On the third try, the wolf tricks the kids into opening the door.

When objects are moving, they have movement. The faster the object is moving, the more movement it has. While you are riding your bicycle, you have movement. A racecar that is traveling has lots of movement. A rocket that is taking off has a huge amount of movement. When I am dancing, I have movement!

Which of the following is something not moving?

• Riding a bicycle

• Sitting on a bench

• A racecar

• A rocket taking off

Did you know sound is also a type of energy? Sound is everywhere. Sound is a special type of movement. Sound is energy that makes substances vibrate. Sound travels as vibrations that we can hear and sometimes even feel. All sounds are caused by the vibration of substances. Sound can come from different sources. You can clap your hands, stamp your feet, talk, sing, or play a musical instrument. Different vibrations will make different sounds.

What makes sound?

• movement

• energy

• vibrations

• waves

Energy can be stored. It can be found in our food, gas, wood, oil, and other chemicals. Batteries contain chemicals. These are used to store energy. This stored energy can be used for different purposes. For example, when we eat food. The stored energy in the food can be used by our bodies. Burning wood or coal releases heat energy that we can use to keep us warm. Burning gas helps cook our food. A car uses energy in the gas to move.

What are two ways the passage explains that people use stored energy?

• When we burn wood or coal, the stored energy is released as heat

  energy that we can use to keep us

  warm.

• When a rubber band is stretched it create movement and sound.

• When we eat food, the stored energy in the food can be used by

  our bodies.

• When a person on a bike is at the

  top of a hill, this stored energy helps

  them move down to the bottom.

People, machines, and appliances need energy input to work. They also have an energy output that may be useful.

Example 1: A girl is running a race. She needs energy from somewhere. Her input energy is the chemical energy from the food that she

ate. By running the race, she is giving out energy. This is in the form of movement energy and heat.

Example 2: A TV will only work if it is plugged in. It needs the energy to work. While watching TV, the electrical energy is the input. The light and sound are the output.

Example 3: A flashlight will not work unless it has batteries. The input energy comes from the chemical energy in the batteries. This energy is changed to electrical energy. The output energy is light and heat.

Which two sentences should be included in a summary of the passage?

• Most things have energy going

  in and out.

• Energy can only be transferred

  to people.

• People eat for energy to move.

• A TV is not a great energy source.

• Batteries are chemical energy.

With your body, you can make lots of different sounds. Every sound that you make involves you moving a part of your body. Many musical instruments use movement to make sounds. Let us look at a few common musical instruments. A man plucking the strings on a guitar. When a guitar string is plucked, the string vibrates and causes a sound wave to occur. The sound is amplified (made louder) by the air vibrating in the hollow inside of the guitar. We can then easily hear the sounds produced by the guitar. A drum has a thin membrane or skin that is stretched tightly over the opening of something hollow. As the drummer beats this membrane, the membrane vibrates and makes the sound we hear. The trumpet player blows through closed lips into the trumpet. This makes a buzzing sound, which causes the air inside the trumpet to vibrate. The vibrating air causes sound we can hear.

How is a guitar able to produce sound?

• The strings and the hollow inside of a guitar are able to produce

  sound.

• A man plucking the strings on a guitar.

• A guitar string is plucked, and

  the string vibrates to cause a sound wave to occur.

• The sound is seen by the air vibrating in the hollow inside the guitar.

The tiger is the largest living cat. It is most known for its dark vertical stripes. These are on orange fur with a white underside. It is a predator. Tigers eat things like deer and wild pigs. To hunt, they need large habitats. A habitat is the animal's home. They usually like to live alone. But, Tiger cubs stay with their mother for about two years. Then they become independent. They leave their mothers to find their own homes.

What is a habitat?

• An animal's home

• A large forest

• A place to find food

• A grass land

There is a vibration in your throat when you hum, which you can feel with your hand. It causes the sound you make when you speak, shout, and sing. What is vibrating in your throat? You have vocal cords in your throat. As air moves over them, they vibrate. As they vibrate, they cause sound. The vocal cords are almost like a layer of cling film over a bowl. So we make sounds when our vocal cords vibrate, but how do we hear sounds? In your ear you have eardrums. Eardrums help us to hear the sound. Your eardrum acts like a cling film. Your eardrums vibrate when a sound goes into your ear. This is how you hear sounds! The human ear is actually made of many small parts! Your outer ear is what you can see on the sides of your head. Your inner ear is inside your skull and made of small bones. The eardrum vibrates and bumps the little bone next to it, and the brain can read this as a sound.

What two parts help a person be able to hear?

• The throat

• Vocal cords

• Eardrum

• Cling film

• Inner ear bones