Overview Fed/Fast (slides provided only) - Corso - GI Exam 2

Catabolism is

• The breakdown of molecules to release energy, usually in the form of ATP

• The synthesis of molecules, usually costing energy, usually in the form of ATP

Anabolism is

• The breakdown of molecules to release energy, usually in the form of ATP

• The synthesis of molecules, usually costing energy, usually in the form of ATP

Which catabolic processes result in 4 Kcal/g after metabolism (SATA)

• Proteins to amino acids

• Complex carbs to simple sugars

• DNA/RNA to nucleotide bases

• Triglycerides to FA and glycerol

• Ethanol breakdown

Which catabolic processes result in 9 Kcal/g after metabolism

• Proteins to amino acids

• Complex carbs to simple sugars

• DNA/RNA to nucleotide bases

• Triglycerides to FA and glycerol

• Ethanol breakdown

Which catabolic processes result in 7 Kcal/g after metabolism

• Proteins to amino acids

• Complex carbs to simple sugars

• DNA/RNA to nucleotide bases

• Triglycerides to FA and glycerol

• Ethanol breakdown

Sucrose is a essential sugar in our diet

• True

• False

Select all of the following essential amino acids

• α-linoleic acid (C18:2Δ^9,12)

• α-linoleic acid (C18:3Δ^9,12,15)

• Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (C20:5Δ^5,8,11,14,17)

• Docosahexenoic acid (DHA) (C22:6Δ^7,1,13,16,19)

• Oleic acid (C18:1Δ⁹)

Answer explanation

Oleic acid (C18:1Δ⁹) is the last amino acid we can create in our body. Anything longer (more carbons) or with more double bonds would be essential amino acids. You wanna look for the omega (ω) 3 or omega (ω) 6


α-linoleic acid (C18:2Δ^9,12) is this essential? YES!

Is this an Omega 3 or an omega 6?
- Out of the 18 carbons the double bonds are on 9 and 12..... to determine the omega look at the last double bond (in this case 12). Is it 3 away from the end or 6.

This is an omega 6. see if you can identify the others from the problem

All of the following are essential amino acids we need in our diet EXCEPT

• Phenylalanine

• Valine

• Methionine

• Isoleucine

• Cystine

Answer explanation

For the future if you ever need a nemonic to remember the essential amino acids.

Match the following different parts of digestion in the mouth with their descriptions

• Chewing

• Breaks ester bonds of FA from TGs -> DGs. This is an acidic enzyme that works in stomach and duodenum

• Salivary amylase

• Breakdown of glucose alpha 1-4 bonds found in amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen

• Salivary lipase

• Tears apart fibrous molecules such as cellulose and fibrous protein

Select all of the following fragments that are made from digestion in mouth during starch breakdown

• Maltose

• Isomaltose

• Glucose

• Limit dextrins

• Maltotriose