Chapter 10 vocabulary

casting an offender out of the church

• excommunicate

• Crusades

• clergy

• heresy

a long series of wars fought between Christians and Muslims over control of Palestine

• Crusades

• Hundred Years War

• clergy

• heresy

church officials

• clergy

• excommunicate

• Crusades

• heresy

pope who excommunicated Emperor Henry IV

• Gregory VII

• Urban II

• Richard I

• Ferdinand

head of the Roman Catholic Church who started the Crusades

• Urban II

• Gregory VII

• Henry IV

• Richard I

Holy Roman Emperor who challenged Pope Gregory VII

• Henry IV

• Urban II

• Richard I

• Ferdinand

the European name for Palestine, the region where Jesus had lived

• Holy Land

• Crusades

• Reconquista

• Parliament

English king who led the third, ill-fated Crusade to seize Palestine

• Richard I

• Gregory VII

• Henry IV

• Saladin

Turkish leader of the Muslim forces that prevented England from taking Palestine

• Saladin

• Richard I

• Urban II

• Henry IV

group of people who dedicated their lives to religion and follow common rules

• religious order

• clergy

• friars

• heresy