Intro to Statistics

What is the definition of "population" in the context of statistics?

• A) The number of items in a set

• B) The set of all items of interest in a statistical problem

• C) The average of a given dataset

• D) The range of values in a sample

Which of the following is an example of a population in statistics?

• A) The number of items in a shopping cart

• B) People diagnosed as schizophrenic

• C) The temperature on a particular day

• D) The scores of students in a single class

What is the relationship between a sample and a population in statistics?

• A) A sample is a larger set than the population.

• B) A sample is a subset of the population.

• C) A sample is an average of the population.

• D) A sample is the entire population.

Which of the following is an example of a sample in statistics?

• A) Every cow in a big farm

• B) Every tenth company from an alphabetical list

• C) People diagnosed as schizophrenic

• D) Every divorced woman in the country

How are independent and dependent variables distinguished in a statistical context?

• A) The independent variable is affected, while the dependent variable produces the effect.

• B) The independent variable produces the effect, while the dependent variable is affected.

• C) Both variables are affected simultaneously.

• D) There is no distinction between independent and dependent variables.

How is a variable defined in the context of statistics?

• A) Any fixed attribute in a population

• B) Any characteristic that remains constant across a population

• C) Any characteristic or attribute that may vary from one unit to another in a population

• D) Any characteristic that is not present in a population

Which of the following is an example of a variable in statistics?

• A) Every thousandth cow in a big farm

• C) The total population of a city

• B) The weight of a specific cow on a farm

In the described structure of data, what does each row and each column represent, respectively?

• A) Each row represents a variable, and each column represents an individual.

• B) Each row represents an individual, and each column represents a variable.

• C) Each row represents a single data point, and each column represents a category.

• D) Each row represents a category, and each column represents a subgroup.

What is a hypothesis in the context of statistical research?

• A) A proven fact about a variable

• B) A guess or association between two variables

• C) An untested assumption about a population

• D) A constant relationship between at least two variables

In the context of data, what does the term "individual units" refer to?

• A) Only humans in a population

• B) Objects in a population, excluding humans

• C) Observations in a sample

• D) A subset of the entire population