Intro to IT Ch 4 Exam Review

An ​ (a)   makes it so people, hardware, and software can communicate with each other in a meaningful way.

• operating system
• application
• utility
• error handler
• interface specification

The four-letter acronym for the software that boots a computer.

• BIOS

• ACME

• HTTP

• cURL

Answer explanation

Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is software that's contained on a memory chip on the computer's motherboard. It is the first software that's run whenever a computer is started. The BIOS runs the computer until the operating system takes over. It's non-volatile, which means its settings are saved and can be recovered after the device has been powered off.

Which two choices are common types of operating systems?

• Graphical User Interface

• Command Line

• Multi-link Interface

• Massively Online User System Experience

Answer explanation

Windows and Mac OS are two types of graphical user interfaces (GUIs).

Linux (Unix) and Windows Power Shell are two types of Command Line Interfaces (CLIs).

Linux is also an open source operating system, which means anyone can examine the source code.

What is a virtual machine.

• A type of vending machine that dispenses virtual items
• A software emulation of a physical computer
• A machine that creates virtual reality experiences
• A physical computer with no software installed

Answer explanation

Virtualization is the process of running a virtual instance of a computer system on its own partition. It creates a software-based version of something such as an application, server, network, or storage.

A virtual machine is an emulation of a real machine, including hardware, software, peripherals, and networking.

For example, a virtual machine is often used to run multiple operating systems on a single computer at the same time, such as running a version of Windows and a version of macOS on the same system. Using virtualization can help reduce technology expenses and create a smoother operating processes.

File management software mainly keeps track of two things, the file name and the file path (location).

• True

• False

Answer explanation

Files are used to store information on a computer's storage devices. Every file has two attributes that uniquely identify it from other files on the same system.

• o The file's name.

• o The file's path. This is a list of the folders that the file resides in. It starts at the top of the drive (the root folder) down to the current folder.

You can use folders to keep information organized. When the Windows operating system is installed, several default folders are automatically created for you. The following table describes several of these folders.

The top-level directory (folder) for Linux is ​ (a)   and for Windows is ​ (b)  

• /
• c:\
• /top
• c:\startup

The four main file permissions are:

• read

• write

• execute

• modify

• control

Answer explanation

Execute

Users can run the file (implicit read permission).

Write

Users can change file attributes, write data to files, view file permissions, and ownership, but they cannot add, delete, or execute files.

Modify

Users have all Read, Execute, and Write permissions, plus the ability to add or delete files.

Read

Users can view files and file attributes, but cannot execute or modify files.

​ (a)   tell the computer how to communicate with peripherals, such as a printer or scanner.

• Device drivers
• Defraggers
• User interfaces
• System processes

Match the following

• Print driver

• Temporary file that Windows stores print jobs in until they are ready to be processed

• Print spooler

• Reformats print jobs so that the printer can understand and process them

• Print manager

• Windows component that helps manage print jobs
• Print queue

• Enables you to install, view, and manage your printers

Answer explanation

On Windows, you can use the ​ (a)   to force close slow or unresponsive software.

• Task Manager
• System Registry
• Print Queue
• Interrupt Command

Answer explanation

The Task Manager allows you to see applications and services (collectively known as processes) and what resources they are using.

You can stop slow/unresponsive items by using the "kill" command. Each process has a unique PID (process ID) which allows you to specify which process you want to stop.