Transcription and RNA Processing | AP Biology

What is RNA splicing and why is it important in gene expression?

• RNA splicing is the process of removing introns and joining exons in a pre-mRNA molecule, and it is important in gene expression because it allows for the production of multiple proteins from a single gene.

• RNA splicing is the process of adding introns to a pre-mRNA molecule, and it is important in gene expression because it reduces the diversity of proteins produced.

• RNA splicing is the process of breaking down exons in a pre-mRNA molecule, and it is important in gene expression because it prevents the production of proteins.

• RNA splicing is the process of duplicating exons in a pre-mRNA molecule, and it is important in gene expression because it slows down the production of proteins.

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Explain the process of transcription initiation in eukaryotes.

• Replication of DNA

• Degradation of RNA by ribonucleases

• Assembly of transcription factors and RNA polymerase at the promoter region of the gene

• Translation of mRNA into protein

What is RNA capping and how does it protect mRNA?

• RNA capping protects mRNA by preventing degradation and promoting efficient translation.

• RNA capping protects mRNA by increasing degradation and inhibiting translation.

• RNA capping protects mRNA by causing mutations and reducing protein synthesis.

• RNA capping has no effect on mRNA stability or translation efficiency.

Describe the role of RNA polyadenylation in mRNA processing.

• It adds a poly(A) tail to the 3' end of the mRNA molecule.

• It removes the poly(A) tail from the mRNA molecule.

• It adds a poly(U) tail to the 5' end of the mRNA molecule.

• It has no role in mRNA processing.

What is RNA editing and how does it contribute to genetic diversity?

• RNA editing is a process in which the genetic information in an RNA molecule is altered before it is translated into a protein. This can result in different protein products from the same gene, contributing to genetic diversity.

• RNA editing is a process that only occurs in DNA molecules, not RNA

• RNA editing does not contribute to genetic diversity, it actually reduces it

• RNA editing is a process that only occurs in prokaryotic cells, not eukaryotic cells

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How is RNA processing regulated in eukaryotic cells?

• By alternative splicing, RNA editing, and post-transcriptional modifications

• By photosynthesis and cellular respiration

• By mitosis and meiosis

• By DNA replication and protein synthesis

What are the different types of RNA splicing and how do they affect gene expression?

• RNA splicing can be classified into two types: cis-splicing and trans-splicing.

• RNA splicing can be classified into three types: up-splicing, down-splicing, and side-splicing.

• RNA splicing can be classified into four types: forward-splicing, backward-splicing, inside-out splicing, and outside-in splicing.

• RNA splicing can be classified into two types: pre-splicing and post-splicing.

Discuss the significance of 5' and 3' untranslated regions in mRNA processing.

• Regulating the speed of mRNA molecule movement

• Determining the gender of the mRNA molecule

• Controlling the color of the mRNA molecule

• Regulating translation and stability of the mRNA molecule

Explain the mechanism of alternative polyadenylation and its impact on gene expression.

• Alternative polyadenylation has no impact on gene expression

• Alternative polyadenylation can result in the production of multiple mRNA isoforms, leading to the production of different protein isoforms and impacting gene expression.

• Alternative polyadenylation only produces one mRNA isoform

• Alternative polyadenylation does not lead to the production of different protein isoforms

How do non-coding RNAs participate in the regulation of RNA processing?

• By directly altering the DNA sequence

• By converting into protein molecules

• By inhibiting the function of RNA molecules

• By interacting with other RNA molecules and proteins