TPO 14-3 Pastoralism in Ancient Inner Eurasia

The word “prestige” in the passage is closest in meaning to

• demand

• status

• profit

• interest

According to paragraph 1, what made it possible for Inner Eurasian pastoralism to become the most mobile and militaristic form of pastoralism?

• It involved the domestication of several types of animals.

• It was based primarily on horses rather than on other animals.

• It borrowed and improved upon European ideas for mobility and warfare.

• It could be adapted to a wide variety of environments.

The word “profound” in the passage is closest in meaning to

• far-reaching

• direct

• positive

• strange

In paragraph 2, why does the author contrast pastoralists with agriculturalists?

• To demonstrate that ecological principles that apply to pastoralism do not apply to agriculturalism

• To explain why pastoralism requires more land than agriculturalism to support basic needs

• To identify some advantages that mobile societies have over immobile societies

• To argue that agriculturalism eventually developed out of pastoralism

According to paragraph 2, pastoralists tend to

• consume comparatively large amounts of food and clothing

• avoid eating plant foods

• prefer grazing their animals on agricultural lands

• move from place to place frequently

In paragraph 3, why does the author discuss languages spoken in the region spanning from Eastern Europe to the western borders of Mongolia?

• To emphasize the frequency with which Indo-European languages changed as a result of the mobile nature of pastoralism

• To indicate one method linguists use to

  determine that inhabitants of the Don and Dnieper river area had taken up stock

  breeding

• To provide evidence that Indo-European

  languages have their roots in what is now

  Turkey

• To provide evidence that pastoralist societies can exercise cultural influence over a large area

The word 'striking' in the passage is closest in meaning to

• convincing

• violent

• noticeable

• reliable

The word 'exploit' in the passage is closest in meaning to

• use to advantage

• pay attention to

• travel across

• depart from

According to paragraph 4, the fact that pastoralist communities are subject to “strict rules of portability” encourages such communities to

• become self-sufficient in the manufacture of silk and jewelry

• relocate less frequently than they would otherwise

• have households that are more or less equal in wealth

• share large material surpluses with neighboring communities

According to paragraph 4, all of the following are true of social inequality in pastoralist societies EXCEPT:

• It is expressed in the form of a rigid hierarchy based largely on heredity.

• It exists and has existed to some degree in most pastoral societies.

• It is usually too insignificant to be discussed in terms of class differences.

• It is most marked during periods of military conquest.