Theories of Motivation Practice

Motivation is defined by psychologists as

• an impulse to accomplish something of significance.

• rigidly patterned behavior characteristic of all people.

• a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal.

• the cause of behavior.

• an external reward or goal that pushes a person toward accomplishments.

Which theory has been accused of simply naming rather than explaining behaviors?

• drive-reduction

• set point

• arousal

• instinct

• incentive

An instinctive behavior is one that is

• designed to reduce drives.

• triggered by an incentive.

• similar in all living organisms.

• unlearned.

• internally motivated.

A drive refers to

• a rigidly patterned and unlearned behavior characteristic of a species.

• anything that is perceived as having positive or negative value in motivating behavior.

• an aroused, motivated state that is often triggered by a physiological need.

• the body's resting rate of energy expenditure.

• an unconscious, repressed desire for pleasure.

Food deprivation is to ________ as hunger is to ________.

• homeostasis; thirst

• incentive; instinct

• need; drive

• motivation; emotion

Homeostasis, which is the goal of drive reduction, is defined as

• a desire to perform behavior in return for rewards.

• a rigidly patterned behavior characteristic of an entire species.

• an aroused or activated state that is often triggered by a physiological need.

• the body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state.

• a physical need that usually triggers motivational arousal.

An incentive is a

• rigidly patterned behavior characteristic of an entire species

• state of deprivation that triggers arousal

• positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

• state of arousal triggered by deprivation

According to Maslow, our need for

• love must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for food.

• adequate clothing must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for self-esteem.

• religious fulfillment must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for adequate housing.

• self-actualization must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for friendship.

• political freedom must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for economic security.

An Olympic snowboarder paces and listens to music in order to calm himself down so that she performs well in competitions. This behavior is MOST clearly explained by ___________.

• Drive-Reduction Theory

• The Yerkes-Dodson Law

• Incentive Theory

• Instinct Theory

The influence of personal and cultural experience on our wants and desires can most clearly be seen in the influence of ________ on motivation.

• instincts

• homeostasis

• incentives

• set points

• needs