Weeks 1-4 Review

The first psychology labratory was developed by ___________ in Germany in 1879.

• Wilhelm Wundt
• Albert Einstein
• Ivan Pavlov
• Sigmund Freud

Wundt is considered the father of structuralism, which relied on __________, a method in which trained observers reflect and report on their mental experiences.

• extraspection
• retrospection
• extrospection
• introspection

The word psychology is derived from two Greek words "psyche" and logos" which means ___________.

• study of the psyche

• body analysis
• mind exploration

Ebbinghaus's conducted an experiment on himself to see how accurate memory recall was based on the amount of information. He varied how many nonsense syllables he would try to remember each day, and the next day, he would complete a test to see how much he was able to remember. The independent variable was _________ and the dependent variable was _________.

• memory; amount of information

• amount of information; memory

A researcher hypothesizes that acupuncture can help stressed-out psychology students decrease their anxiety. She randomly assigns half of her participants to undergo acupuncture and half to receive no treatment. Two months later, she measures their anxiety levels and finds that people who received acupuncture were less anxious than other participant who received no treatment.

1. Is this a correlational design or an experimental design?

• correlational

• experimental

A researcher hypothesizes that acupuncture can help stressed-out psychology students decrease their anxiety. She randomly assigns half of her participants to undergo acupuncture and half to receive no treatment. Two months later, she measures their anxiety levels and finds that people who received acupuncture were less anxious than other participant who received no treatment.

2. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?

• acupuncture; anxiety

• anxiety; acupuncture

Jan wants to study the relationship between exam scores and time spent reading the textbook. She is going to survey university students and ask them to report how much time they spent reading their textbooks and what their exam scores were. What kind of research design is she using?

• Experimental research design
• Observational research design
• Longitudinal research design
• Correlational research design

If a claim cannot be disproven (like Freud's theories), it is not ___________.

• falsifiable

• replicable

• reliable

• correct

Jessie is participating in a study at university, she notices that all the videos she is being made to watch are really sad, so she thinks that the study might have something to do with sadness. This is a problem with the research design referred to as ___________.

• experimenter expectancy effects

• demand characteristics

• placebo effects

Researchers conduct an experiment to investigate how watching a sad video effects mood, and randomly assign participants to either a control group or experimental group. The researchers compare the results of the experimental group to the control group. This is a _________ research design.

• within subjects research design

• cross-sectional research design

• between-subjects research design

• longitudinal research design