The OSI model defines how networks operate by dividing communication into how many discrete layers?

• 3

• 5

• 7

• 9

Answer explanation

The OSI model defines network communication through 7 distinct layers (Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical).

What is the primary function of the Physical layer in the OSI model?

• Establishing and managing communication sessions

• Routing data packets across networks

• Transmitting and receiving data signals over the medium

• Ensuring reliable data delivery between applications

Answer explanation

The Physical layer focuses on transmitting and receiving raw data signals through the physical medium (cables, wireless).

In the context of the OSI model, what is a "node"?

• A segment of a network cable

• A specific type of data packet

• A device capable of sending and receiving data

• A protocol used for data transmission

Answer explanation

A node refers to any device on a network that can send, receive, or forward data (computers, switches, routers).

What is the main difference between "encapsulation" and "decapsulation" in the OSI model?

• Encapsulation adds headers, decapsulation removes them.

• Encapsulation occurs at the sending node, decapsulation at the receiving node.

• Encapsulation deals with data formatting, decapsulation with routing.

• All of the above.

Answer explanation

All of the above are true. Encapsulation adds layer-specific headers when sending data down the OSI stack, while decapsulation removes those headers when receiving data up the stack.

What type of device operates primarily at the Data Link layer of the OSI model?

• Web server

• Network switch

• Application software

• Modem

Answer explanation

Network switches operate at the Data Link layer, forwarding frames based on MAC addresses within a network segment.

What is the main function of the Transport layer in the OSI model?

• Providing network security

• Ensuring reliable data delivery between applications

• Managing logical network addresses

• Converting data formats for different applications

Answer explanation

The Transport layer focuses on reliable data delivery, offering services like error checking and flow control.

Which OSI layer is responsible for assigning port numbers to applications?

• Network

• Presentation

• Transport

• Data Link

Answer explanation

The Transport layer assigns port numbers to differentiate applications communicating on the same host.

What is the key difference between a "segment" and a "packet" in the OSI model?

• Segments are used at the Network layer, packets at the Transport layer.

• Segments are larger units containing packets, specific to the Data Link layer.

• Segments refer to network divisions, while packets are data units.

Answer explanation

Segments are larger data units containing packets, specific to the Data Link layer for transmission on a single network segment.

Which of the following statements about the OSI model is FALSE?

• It serves as a theoretical model, not an actual network implementation.

• All network protocols strictly adhere to the OSI layer structure.

• It provides a framework for understanding network communication functions.

• It helps in troubleshooting and designing network protocols and devices.

Answer explanation

While the OSI model provides a valuable framework, not all real-world protocols strictly follow its exact layer structure.

What is the primary function of the Application layer in the OSI model?

• Transmitting data signals over the physical medium

• Managing network addressing and routing

• Providing user interfaces and application services

• Ensuring reliable data transfer between network devices

Answer explanation

The Application layer provides interfaces and services directly used by applications, like email, file transfer, web browsing.