PSY 327!

When you think of "memory," what's the first word that comes to mind?

Which of the following is NOT one of the five senses involved in sensory memory?

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What term is used to describe the brief retention of visual impressions after the original stimulus is no longer present?

• Echoic memory

• Short-term memory

• Iconic memory

• Semantic memory

Answer explanation

Iconic memory refers to the brief retention of visual impressions, lasting only a fraction of a second after the stimulus is removed. This distinguishes it from other types of memory, such as echoic or semantic memory.

Which type of memory is associated with retaining auditory information for a short duration after the original sound has ceased?

• Short-term memory

• Echoic memory

• Semantic memory

• Procedural memory

Answer explanation

Echoic memory specifically refers to the brief retention of auditory information, allowing us to recall sounds for a short time after they have stopped. This distinguishes it from other types of memory like short-term or semantic memory.

What type of memory is involved in remembering how to ride a bicycle or tie shoelaces?

(a)  

Answer explanation

The type of memory involved in remembering how to ride a bicycle or tie shoelaces is Procedural Memory. This type of memory enables us to perform tasks and skills without conscious thought.

Retrieval cues are hints or prompts that help in the recall of information stored in memory.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

True. Retrieval cues are indeed hints or prompts that assist in recalling information from memory, making it easier to access stored knowledge.

Draw a Gustatory Memory

What is the capacity of short-term memory, according to George A. Miller's famous research?

• 7 ± 2 items

• Unlimited

• 2-4 items

• 10-12 items

Answer explanation

George A. Miller's research established that the capacity of short-term memory is approximately 7 ± 2 items. This means that most people can hold between 5 to 9 items in their short-term memory at one time.

The process of transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory is known as:

• Encoding

• Retrieval

• Consolidation

• Forgetting

Answer explanation

Consolidation is the correct answer because it refers to the process by which short-term memories are stabilized and transformed into long-term memories, making them more permanent and less susceptible to disruption. This involves structural and chemical changes in the brain that strengthen the memory trace, typically occurring during sleep or periods of rest.

While encoding is crucial for the initial learning of information (the process of perceiving and processing information to be stored in memory), it is not the step where the transfer to long-term memory occurs. Encoding creates the memory trace in the short-term or working memory, but consolidation is what solidifies and integrates that information into long-term storage.

Which memory-related superpower would you rather have?

• Remembering every detail of your life, from your first word to what you had for breakfast last Tuesday.

• Selective memory: Being able to forget embarrassing moments or cringe-worthy experiences at will.

• Future memory: Knowing exactly where you left your keys, wallet, or phone before you even realize you've lost them.

• Memory upgrade: Never forgetting a face, name, or important date, even if you've only met the person once at a crowded party.