What is the process of moving earth, rock, or other materials with tools, equipment, or explosives?

• Compaction

• Trenching

• Excavation

• Earthwork

What is the purpose of setting out and establishing Temporary Benchmarks (TBM) in construction projects?

• To ensure accuracy, alignment, and quality control

• To provide a reference for measurements and elevation

• To determine the location of boundary

• To verify the position of underground installations

What is the uppermost layer of soil, typically rich in organic matter and nutrients, and is crucial for supporting plant life?

• Bedrock

• Fill materials

• Subsoil

• Topsoil

What is the first step in site construction work after site clearing?

• Excavation

• Compaction

• Cut and fill

• Trenching

What is the main purpose of a TBM (Temporary Benchmark) in construction and surveying?

• To establish the position of underground installations

• To provide a fixed known level on site

• To ensure the accuracy of excavation

• To determine the location of boundary

What is the primary cause of excavation and trenching accidents according to the text?

• Subsidence

• Heaving or Squeezing

• Toppling

• Cave-in

What is the main purpose of soil nailing in excavation support systems and retaining walls?

• To provide temporary support for the excavation wall

• To eliminate the need for shoring or shielding

• To create a stable mass of soil

• To prevent sliding failure

What is the recommended distance for placing excavated materials and other superimposed loads from the edge of open excavations and trenches?

• 4 ft.

• 3 ft.

• 2 ft.

• 1 ft.

What is the primary purpose of tieback systems in excavation support?

• To transfer the load from the soil-retention system to the earth or rock

• To relieve tension when the permanent structure can safely carry the load

• To eliminate the need for shoring or shielding

• To prevent sliding failure

What is the most common accident in excavation and trenching according to the text?

• Subsidence

• Heaving or Squeezing

• Toppling

• Cave-in