Where are voltage-gated calcium channels predominantly found?

• Muscle cells

• Neurons

• Epithelial cells

• Connective tissue cells

Which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for reflex actions?

• Central nervous system

• Peripheral nervous system

• Autonomic nervous system

• Somatic nervous system

During depolarization, which ion channels open, leading to a rapid influx of ions?

• Voltage-gated potassium channels

• Ligand-gated sodium channels

• Voltage-gated sodium channels

• Leak potassium channels

What is the advantage of reflex actions?

• They allow for quick responses to stimuli without conscious thought

• They help in complex decision-making processes

• They only occur in animals with advanced nervous systems

• They are under voluntary control

What are neurotransmitters?

• Chemicals released by the brain to regulate sleep

• Hormones secreted by endocrine glands

• Chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons

• Enzymes involved in cellular metabolism

What is the primary factor responsible for establishing the resting membrane potential in neurons?

• Active transport of sodium ions out of the cell.

• Passive diffusion of potassium ions into the cell.

• Differential permeability of the cell membrane to various ions.

• Synaptic transmission between neurons.

Where does synaptic transmission occur?

• Along the axon of a neuron

• At the soma of a neuron

• At the synapse between two neurons

• Within the dendrites of a neuron

In a simple reflex arc, what is the correct sequence of components?

• Sensory neuron → Interneuron → Motor neuron

• Motor neuron → Sensory neuron → Interneuron

• Interneuron → Motor neuron → Sensory neuron

• Sensory neuron → Motor neuron

What is a synapse?

• A type of neuron

• A gap between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released

• The nucleus of a neuron

• A structure found in the axon

Which of the following accurately describes the sequence of events during an action potential?

• Hyperpolarization → Depolarization → Repolarization

• Repolarization → Hyperpolarization → Depolarization

• Depolarization → Repolarization → Hyperpolarization

• Depolarization → Hyperpolarization → Repolarization