DNA & Protein Synthesis

What makes up the nucleotides of DNA?

• Sugar, Potassium and Nitrogenous base

• Ribose Sugar, Phosphate and Nitrogenous base

• Deoxyribose Sugar, Platinum and Nitrogenous base

• Deoxyribose Sugar, Phosphate and Nitrogenous base

The "rungs" of the DNA ladder are made of -

• Phosphates and hydrogen

• Sugars and phosphates

• Glucose and sugars

• Nitrogen base pairs

Chargaff's rule states that DNA from any species of any organism should have a 1:1 ratio of purine and pyrimidine bases. It represents complementary base pairing. Based on this rule, which of the following statements represents complementary base pairing?

• Guanine always binds with Cytosine and Adenine always binds with Thymine

• Guanine always binds with Adenine and Cytosine always binds with Thymine

• Guanine always binds with Thymine and Adenine always binds with Cytosine

• Guanine always binds with Guanine and Adenine always binds with Adenine

According to the data in the table, which of these statements is true?

• C and G together compose at least 50% of each of the DNA samples.

• The total amounts of A,T, G, and C in each DNA sample add to about 100%.

• There is always more T's and A's in each of the DNA samples.

• C is represented in the smallest percentage for each of the DNA samples.

Pepsin is an enzyme that functions best at which pH level?

• mouth (pH of 6.5)

• stomach (pH of 2.5)

• small intestine (pH of 8)

• large intestine (pH of 9)

Enzymes influence chemical reactions in living systems by _______.

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Enzymes only work with specific substrates because each substrate _______.

• Actively interferes with other substrates.

• Can only use a specific ionic bond with the enzyme.

• Destroys its specific enzymes around it.

• Binds with a specific active site of an enzyme.

When the active site of an enzyme is denatured, what happens?

• the activation energy is increased.

• the activation energy is decreased.

• a quaternary structure is achieved.

• the enzyme-substrate complex cannot be formed.

Why is maintaining homeostasis important to living things?

• Because our body's cells and enzymes will only tolerate a narrow range in pH and temperature before becoming non-functional.

• Because continual changes in pH values and temperature levels is what creates the most efficient living system.

• Because most living things can tolerate large ranges in temperature and pH.

• Homeostasis is not important to living things.

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The shape of a protein molecule directly determines its _______.

• movements through the cytoplasm

• roles in building water molecules

• functions inside and outside of cells

• circulation throughout the body

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