Science Chapter 13 Vocabulary

type of thunderstorm in which air rise because of unequal heating of Earth's surface within a single air mass and is most common during the afternoon and evening

• Tornado

• Hurricane

• Snow

• Air mass thunderstorm

occurs when an air mass rises from orographic lifting, which involves air moving up the side of a mountain

• mountain thunderstorm

• Hurricane
• Desert
• Tornado

local air-mass thunderstorm that commonly occurs along a coastal area because land and water stone and release thermal energy differently

• Sea breeze thunderstorm
• Tornado

• Mountain

• thunderstorm

type of thunderstorm usually produced by an advancing cold front, which can result in a line of thunderstorms hundreds of kilometers longs or, more rarely, an advancing warm front, which can result in a relatively mild thunderstorm

• Hurricane
• frontal thunderstorm

• Tornado
• Blizzard

channel of partially charged air; the breakdown in charges in between positive and negative regions

• Electric channel
• Magnetic channel
• Solid channel
• stepped leader

branch channel of positively charged ion that rushes upward form the ground to meet the stepped leader

• Grounded streamer
• Neutral streamer
• Negative streamer
• return stroke

extremely powerful, self- sustaining thunderstorm characterized by intense, rotating updrafts

• mega cell

• hyper cell

• cell

• supercell

violent downdraft that are concentrated in a local

• macroburst
• downburst

• tornado
• hurricane

violent, whirling column of air in contact with the ground that forms when wind direction and speed suddenly change with height; is often associated with a supercell, and can be extremely damaging

• hurricane
• earthquake
• tornado
• blizzard

classifies tornadoes according to their destruction and estimated wind speed on a scale ranging from EF0 to EF5

• Richter scale
• Saffir-Simpson scale
• Enhanced fajita Tornado damage scale

• Fujita scale