BIO300 Renal Practice

Which of the following is a common prerenal cause of acute renal failure?

• Glomerulonephritis

• Hypovolemia

• Urinary obstruction

• Chronic exposure to copper and iron

Which of the following is least likely to be seen as a long-term complications of acute renal failure:

• Hypocalcemia

• Hypokalemia

• Decreased EPO

• Acidosis

A 55-year-old woman presents with decreased urine output and increased serum BUN and creatinine. A physical exam revealed right flank pain and urinalysis demonstrated hematuria. Further imaging revealed the presence of a calculi. What is the most likely cause of her acute renal failure?

• Atheroembolic disease

• Renal artery stenosis

• Ureteral obstruction

• Glomerulonephritis

A 40-year-old woman develops acute renal failure following severe diarrhea and vomiting from a gastrointestinal infection. Laboratory results show elevated BUN and creatinine. What is the most likely pathophysiological mechanism behind her renal failure?

• Acute tubular necrosis

• Prerenal hypoperfusion

• Glomerulonephritis

• Postrenal obstruction

A 12-year-old boy presents with tea-colored urine and periorbital edema following a streptococcal throat infection. Laboratory results show hematuria and proteinuria. Which of the following pathophysiological processes is most likely contributing to his renal impairment?

• Immune complex deposition in glomeruli

• Ischemia of the tubular cells

• Prerenal hypoperfusion

• Ureteral obstruction

A 45-year-old woman with a medical history of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune condition where the body attacks its own tissues, develops renal failure. Urinalysis reveals heavy proteinuria. Immunofluorescence reveals granular deposits along the glomerular capillary walls. Which process is likely involved in the pathogenesis of her renal impairment?

• Hypertrophy of glomerular cells

• Ischemic injury

• Immune complex deposition

• Tubular necrosis

Nephritic syndrome is characterized by:

• Massive proteinuria

• Hematuria and RBC casts

• Hypoalbuminemia

• Hyperlipidemia

The pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome involves increased:

• Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

• Capillary permeability

• Tubular reabsorption

• Renal blood flow

A 20-year-old male develops dark urine, facial swelling, and hypertension following a recent streptococcal throat infection. Urinalysis shows hematuria and RBC casts. Which of the following is the most likely associate with his renal impairment?

• Nephritic syndrome

• Nephrotic syndrome

• Urinary tract infection

• Ureteral obstruction

A 25-year-old woman presents with dysuria, urgency, and suprapubic pain. Urinalysis reveals pyuria and bacteriuria. Which of the following organisms is most commonly associated with uncomplicated urinary tract infections?

• Escherichia coli

• Staphylococcus aureus

• Streptococcus pneumoniae

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa