APES Unit 2 Review

Which of the following is a measure of the biodiversity of an ecosystem?

• The total number of individuals of a single animal species

• The density of individuals in a hectare

• The total number of different plant species

• The soil depth at which burrowing insects are located

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NGSS.MS-LS2-5

The Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event was caused when an asteroid impacted Earth approximately 66 million years ago, near what is now the Gulf of Mexico. The indirect effects of the impact affected the entire globe. The event resulted in the extinction of nearly 75 percent of all plant and animal species on Earth, including the majority of dinosaur species.

Which of the following likely best describes why most of these species went extinct?

• Direct effects from the impact

• Loss of competitors

• Increase in genetic diversity in most species

• Rapid climate and habitat change

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Which of the following statements about levels of biodiversity is correct?

• Genetic biodiversity is a measure of the total number of genes in a community.

• A narrow distribution of habitats leads to an increase in species diversity.

• Global hotspots are areas where species diversity is thriving due to habitat restoration.

• A population with high genetic biodiversity is better able to respond to environmental stressors.

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Which of the following is most likely to be the direct result of lack of genetic diversity in a food crop such as corn?

• Decreased kernel size

• Decreased dependence on chemical fertilizers

• Increased susceptibility on plant disease

• Increased resistance to pests

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

Which of the following can be used to assess the biological diversity of an area?

• Population size of each species and area occupied by each population

• Minimum population area and minimum viable population size

• Ratio of r-strategists to K-strategists and life expectancy of K-strategists

• Genetic variation within each species and number of species present

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Which of the following would be categorized as a cultural ecosystem service of forests?

• Recreation and scenic areas for tourism

• Timber and landscape materials

• Mushroom and plant harvests

• Soil stabilization and air purification

Which of the following correctly describes the disruption of an ecosystem service by an anthropogenic activity?

• Provisioning services are disrupted by increased combustion of fossil fuels, which leads to an increase in air pollution.

• Regulating services are disrupted by flash flooding from a hurricane, which decreases available food resources.

• Supporting services are disrupted by an earthquake that causes habitat destruction, which displaces plants and animals.

• Cultural services are disrupted by a tornado that causes the loss of acres of forest, which reduces the amount of harvestable timber.

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The consumption of mosquitoes by bats and the control of flooding provided by tropical forests in mountainous areas of Central America are examples of

• adaptive radiation

• ecosystem services

• ecological equilibrium

• positive feedback loops

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The many finch species of the Galápagos Islands evolved from a single species that immigrated to the islands from the coast of South America. These species differ primarily in beak shape, which is closely related to the type of food each species specializes in eating.

Which of the following best explains why each of the finch species on the Galápagos Islands evolved to be specialists?

• Islands have limited food resources, forcing species to feed on a small range of food items.

• Climate on islands tends to be less variable than on the mainland, minimizing seasonal absences of food.

• Reduced competition from other bird species allows finch species to focus on specific food resources.

• Food resources on islands are more plentiful and nutrient rich than on the mainland, leading to specialist behaviors in feeding.

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Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following is the most likely reason that an island in the ocean that is 5 kilometers from a continent would have a higher number of species than one that is 15 kilometers from a continent?

• There are more species that have the ability to travel 5 kilometers than can travel 15 kilometers.

• Islands that are closer to continents always have a wider range of habitats than more distant islands do.

• There are smaller populations of each species on islands that are at greater distances from continents.

• Islands that are closer to continents always have more ecological niches than more distant islands do.