DNA and Variations Test Review

What is DNA?

• The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parents to offspring.

• A type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome.

• A sequence of three bases that codes for one amino acid.

• Molecules that combine to form proteins.

Which of the following is a feature of DNA but not RNA?

• Contains Uracil NOT Thymine

• Double helix

• 2 versions - messenger and transfer

• Important component of protein synthesis

What are the four nitrogen bases that make up DNA?

• Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

• Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil

• Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Maltose

• Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen

Where does protein synthesis start?

• In the ribosome

• In the nucleus

• In the cytoplasm

• On the cell membrane

What is the role of mRNA?

• Carrying amino acids to the ribosome

• Transferring genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized

• Catalyzing biochemical reactions

• Forming the structure of ribosomes

What is the role of tRNA?

• Transferring amino acids to the ribosome

• Copying genetic information from DNA

• Forming the structure of ribosomes

• Facilitating the process of transcription

What is a codon?

• A sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.

• A type of protein that regulates gene expression.

• A cellular structure found in animal cells.

• A method used in genetic engineering.

If the DNA code is CGAGTACTAG, what would the RNA complement be?

• GCUCAUGAUC

• GCTCATGATC

How do the nitrogen bases pair up in DNA to RNA transcription?

• A → U, T → A, G → C, C → G

• A → T, T → A, G → C, C → G

• A → T, T → U, G → C, C → G

• A → U, T → A, G → U, C → A

What is the definition of mutation?

• A process that ensures genetic diversity.

• Any change in the DNA of a gene or chromosome.

• The replication of DNA during cell division.

• A type of protein that repairs DNA.