Influence of Ancient Civilizations on U.S. Constitution

The principle of "separation of powers" in the U.S. Constitution was influenced by what aspect of Roman governance?

• The division of the empire into east and west

• The establishment of a senate and consuls with distinct roles

• The role of the Praetorian Guard

• The use of tribunes to veto legislation

Which ancient civilization's concept of citizenship included responsibilities such as military service and participation in the assembly?

• Egyptian

• Greek

• Roman

• Persian

The concept of "natural rights," which influenced the American Declaration of Independence, is most closely associated with:

• Roman law

• Judeo-Christian ethics

• Greek philosophy

• Egyptian theology

In Ancient Rome, the idea of a republic was characterized by:

• A strong emphasis on military dictatorship

• The hereditary transfer of power

• The election of public officials by citizens

• Rule by a group of philosopher-kings

Judeo-Christian beliefs contributed to the American concept of equality before the law, particularly through the idea that:

• Only the clergy are made in the image of God

• All humans are created in the image of God

• Social status is determined by divine favor

• Laws are interpreted by religious leaders

The Athenian mechanism of ostracism, allowing citizens to vote to exile someone considered a threat to the state, demonstrates early principles of:

• Authoritarian control

• Democratic involvement in security

• Legal representation

• The divine right of kings

The Roman practice of codifying laws, as seen in the Twelve Tables, contributed to the American legal system by emphasizing:

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The Judeo-Christian tradition's emphasis on the sanctity of life influenced American laws regarding:

• The right to bear arms

• The abolition of slavery

• Environmental protection

• The death penalty

How did the concept of "federalism" in the United States draw from Ancient Greek governance?

• By adopting a system of direct democracy in state and local government

• Through the division of power between the national government and smaller political units, similar to the Greek city-states

• By creating a warrior class to govern each state

• By establishing a pantheon of gods to represent each state

The Roman concept of a "senate" influenced the U.S. government's structure by:

• Introducing the idea of a bicameral legislature

• Establishing a hereditary system of governance

• Creating a permanent military command

• Implementing a judicial system based on oracles