Enlightenment and the Birth of Modern Governments

What was the Enlightenment?

• A period of intense religious revival

• A cultural movement that emphasized science over superstition

• A philosophical movement that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of authority

• A war between European countries

Who is known as the "Father of Liberalism"?

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Voltaire

What is the social contract theory?

• The idea that society exists in accordance with a contract that governs morality and political rules

• A theory that states all men are not created equal

• A contract between a worker and their employer

• An agreement where people give up certain freedoms for security

Which Enlightenment thinker argued that the government should be divided into three branches?

• John Locke

• Montesquieu

• Thomas Hobbes

• Voltaire

What was Voltaire known for advocating?

• Absolute monarchy

• Freedom of speech and religion

• The divine right of kings

• The abolition of slavery

Which of the following was a key idea of John Locke?

• People have the right to overthrow a government if it fails to protect their rights

• A king's rule is justified by divine right

• People are naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish

• The best form of government is a strict dictatorship

The Enlightenment inspired revolutions in which of the following countries?

• France

• United States

• Both A and B

• Neither A nor B

What does the term "laissez-faire" refer to?

• A government policy of non-interference in the economy

• A type of government

• A social contract

• A military strategy

Who wrote "The Social Contract"?

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Montesquieu

What was a major impact of the Enlightenment on society?

• It led to the decline of scientific research

• It reinforced the divine right of kings

• It promoted the idea of democracy and individual rights

• It caused a decrease in literacy rates