The Nature of Probability and Statistics (Vocab)

What is a cluster sample?

• A sample that includes every member of the population.

• A sample obtained by selecting a preexisting or natural group, called a cluster, and using the members in the cluster for the sample.

• A sample where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

• A sample that is chosen based on the convenience of the researcher.

What is a confounding variable?

• A variable that is being manipulated by the researcher to see if it affects the outcome variable.

• A variable that can assume all values between any two specific values.

• A variable that influences the outcome variable but cannot be separated from the other variables that influence the outcome variable.

• A variable that assumes values that can be counted.

What does a continuous variable refer to?

• A variable that can only take on a finite number of values.

• A variable that can assume all values between any two specific values.

• A variable that is not influenced by other variables in an experiment.

• A variable that is used to divide a sample into clusters.

What is the role of a control group in an experimental study?

• To receive the special treatment in the experiment.

• To be used because they are convenient and available.

• To be manipulated by the researcher to see its effect on the outcome variable.

• To not receive any special treatment and serve as a baseline for comparison.

What is a convenience sample?

• A sample that includes every member of the population.

• A sample obtained by selecting a preexisting or natural group, called a cluster.

• A sample of subjects used because they are convenient and available.

• A sample where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

What is a data set?

• A single measurement or observation for a variable.

• A collection of data values.

• A method of organizing and summarizing data.

• A variable that can be controlled or manipulated in an experiment.

What is a dependent variable?

• A variable that is not influenced by other variables in an experiment.

• A variable that the researcher manipulates in an experiment.

• A variable in correlation and regression analysis that cannot be controlled or manipulated.

• A variable that can assume all values between any two specific values.

What are descriptive statistics?

• The application of mathematics to statistical problems.

• The collection of data values.

• A branch of statistics that consists of the collection, organization, summarization, and presentation of data.

• A variable that assumes values that can be counted.

What is a discrete variable?

• A variable that can assume all values between any two specific values.

• A variable that assumes values that can be counted.

• A variable that influences the outcome variable but cannot be separated from other variables.

• A variable that is used to divide a sample into clusters.

What is an experimental study?

• A study in which the researcher observes the variables without manipulation.

• A study in which the researcher manipulates one of the variables and tries to determine how the manipulation influences other variables.

• A study that uses a convenience sample for data collection.

• A study that collects data without any specific treatment given to subjects.