What do the utricle and saccule detect?

• Angular acceleration

• Gravity and linear movement

• Inertia and pressure

• Rotational movements

What is the function of the semicircular canals?

• Detect gravity and linear movement

• Stabilize visual images on the retina

• Detect rotational movements

• Control reflex of the neck and lower extremity postural muscles

What happens when the head rotates, according to the vestibular system information provided?

• The endolymphatic fluid remains stationary

• The endolymphatic fluid moves with the head, causing no inertia

• The endolymphatic fluid lags behind because of inertia and exerts pressure against the canal's sensory receptor

• The vestibular organs stop functioning

What is the role of the VOR (Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex)?

• Detects gravity and linear movement

• Provides information about angular acceleration and linear acceleration of the head

• Stabilizes visual images on the retina during head movements

• Reflex control of the neck and lower extremity postural muscles

What does VSR (Vestibulo-Spinal Reflex) help in maintaining?

• The balance of fluid in the semicircular canals

• The detection of gravity and linear movement

• The position of the head and trunk accurately correlated with movements

• The stabilization of visual images on the retina

What can cause physiological changes in VOR and VSR as part of age-related vestibular declines?

• Circulatory changes within the brain

• Anatomical changes such as loss of peripheral hair cells and vestibular nerve fibers

• Changes in visual acuity

• Dietary deficiencies

Which type of vestibular dysfunction is more difficult with exercise because of CNS involvement?

• Peripheral Vestibular Dysfunction

• Central Vestibular Dysfunction

• Meniere disease

• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

What is a common treatment for Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in the context of peripheral vestibular dysfunction?

• Surgical repair

• Medication

• Head realignment maneuvers

• Cognitive behavioral therapy

Which of the following is NOT a functional deficit associated with vestibular declines?

• Difficulty with transitional movements

• Enhanced peripheral vision

• Dizziness affecting performance of ADLs

• Issues with watching television or reading

What type of examination is used to assess VOR function in the context of vestibular impairments?

• Clinical test

• MRI scan

• Blood test

• Reflex test