Baddeley 1966b

What was the aim of Baddeley's study?

• To find out if LTM could be improved.
• To work out what encoding methods LTM and STM use
• To see if we recall words at the beginning or end of a list
• To find out why some have better memories than others.

What kind of study was this?

• A laboratory experiment
• A field experiment
• A natural experiment
• An observation

Participants did 1 / 4 conditions. Which of these was NOT a condition though?

• Acoustically similar words
• Semantically dissimilar words
• Visually dissimilar
• Acoustically dissimilar words

What kind of participant design did Baddeley use?

• repeated measures
• independent groups
• matched pairs
• random sampling

How many learning trials were there?

• One
• Two
• Three
• Four

Why were participants given a 15 minute interference task after the learning trials?

• To give the experimenters time to set up the next task
• to block the use of STM
• to confuse the participants
• Because the task was quite fun.

What was the order of the experiment?

• Hearing Test, Learning Trials 1-4, Interference Task, Retest
• Hearing Test, Interference Task, Learning Trials 1-4, Retest
• Hearing Test, Learning Trial 1-2, Interference Task, Retest

Baddeley found that (two possible answers!)

• semantically similar words were hard to recall in the retest
• acoustically similar words were hard to recall in the retest
• Acoustically similar words were hard to recall in Trials 1-2
• acoustically dissimilar words were hard to recall in Trial 3

What were Baddeley's overall conclusion (two options!)

• STM uses largely semantic encoding
• LTM often uses largely semantic encoding
• STM uses acoustic encoding
• STM uses semantic encoding

As this was a lab study it could be said to have

• high internal validity, low external (ecological validity)
• low internal validity, high external (ecological validity)