Biology S2 Week 8 Exam Definitions

process by which a single species evolves into many new species to fill available niches; this often occurs after a mass extinction.

• Adaptive Radiation
• Metaphase
• Exons
• Chromosomes
• Transcription:

energy-carrying molecule that cells use to power their metabolic processes; provides the cell with an immediate usable form of energy

• Adenosine Triphosphate(ATP)
• Chemosynthesis
• Adhesion
• Active transport
• linnaean classification

one of two or more different versions of the same gene.

• Allele
• Genome
• Golgi Apparatus
• Biosphere
• Meiosis

: how often an allele occurs in a gene pool relative to the other alleles for that gene.

• Allele Frequency
• Cell cycle
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Introns
• Osmosis

evolution of a new species that occurs when groups from the same species become geographically isolated from the rest of the species for long periods of time.

• allopatric speciation
• Fermentation
• Interphase
• Nucleus
• Endocytosis

animal that produces eggs with internal membranes that allow gases but not water to pass through so the embryo can breathe without drying out (reptile, bird, or mammal).

• amniotes
• Translation
• Cells
• Polyadenylation
• anticodon

: structure that is similar in unrelated organisms because it evolved to do the same job, not because it was inherited from a common ancestor.

• Analogous Structure
• Reproduction
• Nucleus
• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
• Asexual reproduction

sequence of 3 bases in the tRNA molecule at the site where the tRNA and mRNA bind; complementary to the codon in the mRNA.

• anticodon
• Splicing
• Fertilization:
• Linked genes
• Enzymes

process in which organisms evolve traits useful to humans because people select which individuals are allowed to reproduce and pass on their genes to successive generations

• artificial selection
• Organic compounds
• Carbon fixation
• Cells
• Autotrophs

reproduction that involves a single parent and results in offspring that are all genetically identical to the parent.

• Asexual reproduction
• Phenotype
• Electron transport chain
• Semipermeable
• Unsaturated Fatty Acids