Protein Synthesis

Review the DNA structure. What are the parts on the diagram?

b

c

d

e

f

a

Nitrogen Base

Hydrogen Bond

Nucleotide

Deoxyribose

Phosphate Group

Nitrogen Base Pair

What are the nitrogen base pairs from DNA nucleotides to RNA nucleotides?

• RNA: C

• DNA: A

• RNA: U

• DNA: G

• RNA: A

• DNA: C

• RNA: G

• DNA: T

Transcription, part of the central dogma, is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n) _.

• amino acid sequence

• DNA molecule

• RNA molecule

• phospholipid molecule

_ carries genetic information from the nucleus out into the cytoplasm

of the cell.

• DNA

• DNA nucleotide

• RNA

• amino acid sequence

The Human Genome Project determined that there are over 20,000 different genes. But, these genes only make up 1-2% of the DNA that codes for proteins. What is the purpose of the once thought “junk” DNA including introns and promoter codes?

• This DNA makes protein, too.

• This DNA controls gene activity.

• This DNA is the source of gene mutation.

• This DNA includes start “AUG” and stop codons.

What would represent the strand of DNA template from which the mRNA strand

CUC AAG UGC UUC was made?

What are the parts of translation?

c

b

d

e

f

g

a

amino acid

anticodon

codon

tRNA

mRNA

polypeptide chain

ribosome

Organize the parts of the central dogma into three categories.

Groups:

(a) DNA Replication

,

(b) Transcription

,

(c) Translation

• RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary RNA strand

• DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand

• Ribosome reads the mRNA and assembles the amino acids into a polypeptide chain

• Mitosis

• RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region

• Termination signal ends the transcription process

• tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome

• Meiosis

• mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

• Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix

The enzyme involved in transcription phases initiation, elongation, and termination is _.