Protein Synthesis

Review the DNA structure. What are the parts on the diagram?

b

c

d

e

f

a

Nucleotide

Nitrogen Base

Deoxyribose

Hydrogen Bond

Phosphate Group

Nitrogen Base Pair

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What are the nitrogen base pairs from DNA nucleotides to RNA nucleotides?

• RNA: C

• DNA: C

• RNA: A

• DNA: T

• RNA: U

• DNA: A

• RNA: G

• DNA: G

Transcription, part of the central dogma, is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n) _.

• amino acid sequence

• DNA molecule

• RNA molecule

• phospholipid molecule

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

_ carries genetic information from the nucleus out into the cytoplasm

of the cell.

• DNA

• DNA nucleotide

• RNA

• amino acid sequence

The Human Genome Project determined that there are over 20,000 different genes. But, these genes only make up 1-2% of the DNA that codes for proteins. What is the purpose of the once thought “junk” DNA including introns and promoter codes?

• This DNA makes protein, too.

• This DNA controls gene activity.

• This DNA is the source of gene mutation.

• This DNA includes start “AUG” and stop codons.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

What would represent the strand of DNA template from which the mRNA strand

CUC AAG UGC UUC was made?

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What are the parts of translation?

c

b

d

e

f

g

a

tRNA

mRNA

anticodon

ribosome

codon

amino acid

polypeptide chain

Organize the parts of the central dogma into three categories.

Groups:

(a) DNA Replication

,

(b) Transcription

,

(c) Translation

• Termination signal ends the transcription process

• DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand

• Mitosis

• Ribosome reads the mRNA and assembles the amino acids into a polypeptide chain

• mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

• RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region

• Meiosis

• Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix

• RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary RNA strand

• tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

The enzyme involved in transcription phases initiation, elongation, and termination is _.