Logic Critical Think Midterm Review

What does Daniel Kahneman describe as "System 1" thinking?

• 
  A slow, logical, and deliberate way of thinking

• A fast, automatic, and often unconscious way of thinking

• The process of making decisions based on economic theories

• The method of critically analyzing one's own biases

Dan Ariely suggests that our decision-making is often flawed due to what?

• Rational analysis of all available information

• Overreliance on statistical data

• 
  Irrationality and emotional influences

• Excessive consultation with others

According to Kahneman, what is a "cognitive bias"?

• 
  A preference for thinking about pleasant topics

• A rare phenomenon that only affects a small percentage of decisions

• A systematic error in thinking that affects decisions and judgments

Plato's allegory of the cave is really about?

• The challenges of seeing the world for how it really is and then sharing this knowledge with others

• A story about the dangers of living alone and in solitude

• All of these

• None of these

What does Dan Ariely identify as a major factor influencing our decision-making processes?

• 
  The weather

• 
  Context and relativity

• 
  

  The phase of the moon

According to Kahneman, what role does "anchoring" play in decision-making?

• 
  It refers to the tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information or number encountered

• It is the act of tying decisions to a fixed point to avoid drift

• It involves using a benchmark to measure the success of a decision

What does the False Dilemma Fallacy involve?

• Presenting too many options as if they are the only ones available.

• Presenting two options as the only possibilities when in fact more exist.

• 
  Ignoring evidence that does not support a chosen conclusion.

Occam’s Razor is a principle that suggests:

• The most complex explanation is usually the correct one.

• The simplest explanation is usually the correct one.

• Every phenomenon should be explained by as many hypotheses as possible.

Postmodernism challenges the idea of:

• The scientific method

• 
  Personal identity

• Universal truth

Which of the following is a key question in metaphysics?

• The study of ethical behavior and moral principles

• What is the nature of reality?

• What is a good life