PHYSICAL

Isotopes

• They are atoms of the same element, with the same atomic number but different mass number

• It is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

• It is the total number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus

Atomic Number

• They are atoms of the same element, with the same atomic number but different mass number

• It is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

• It is the total number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus

Mass Number

• They are atoms of the same element, with the same atomic number but different mass number

• It is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

• It is the total number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus

Electron-Spray Ionisation

• When a high energy beam of electrons from the electron fun removes the highest-energy electron, from a molecule or an atom, forming a positively charged ion.

• The positively charged ion is accelerated toward a negatively charged electrode. This provides all ions with the same kinetic energy.

• The positively charged ions are electrostatically attracted to the negatively charged cathode.

• Ions aof different masses are detected electronically and produce a small, varying electrical current that can be amplified and displayed on a computer

Acceleration

• When a high energy beam of electrons from the electron fun removes the highest-energy electron, from a molecule or an atom, forming a positively charged ion.

• The positively charged ion is accelerated toward a negatively charged electrode. This provides all ions with the same kinetic energy.

• The positively charged ions are electrostatically attracted to the negatively charged cathode.

• Ions aof different masses are detected electronically and produce a small, varying electrical current that can be amplified and displayed on a computer

Ion Drift

• When a high energy beam of electrons from the electron fun removes the highest-energy electron, from a molecule or an atom, forming a positively charged ion.

• The positively charged ion is accelerated toward a negatively charged electrode. This provides all ions with the same kinetic energy.

• The positively charged ions are electrostatically attracted to the negatively charged cathode.

• Ions aof different masses are detected electronically and produce a small, varying electrical current that can be amplified and displayed on a computer

Ion Detection and Data Analysis

• When a high energy beam of electrons from the electron fun removes the highest-energy electron, from a molecule or an atom, forming a positively charged ion.

• The positively charged ion is accelerated toward a negatively charged electrode. This provides all ions with the same kinetic energy.

• The positively charged ions are electrostatically attracted to the negatively charged cathode.

• Ions aof different masses are detected electronically and produce a small, varying electrical current that can be amplified and displayed on a computer

Relative Atomic Mass

• The average mass of an atom of an element when measured on scale in which the mass of an atom of 12C is exactly 12.

• The average mass of a molecule when measured on scale in which the mass of an atom of 12C is exactly 12.

• The average mass of an isotope of an element when measured on scale in which the mass of an atom of 12C is exactly 12.

Relative Molecular Mass

• The average mass of an atom of an element when measured on scale in which the mass of an atom of 12C is exactly 12.

• The average mass of a molecule when measured on scale in which the mass of an atom of 12C is exactly 12.

• The average mass of an isotope of an element when measured on scale in which the mass of an atom of 12C is exactly 12.

Relative Isotopic Mass

• The average mass of an atom of an element when measured on scale in which the mass of an atom of 12C is exactly 12.

• The average mass of a molecule when measured on scale in which the mass of an atom of 12C is exactly 12.

• The average mass of an isotope of an element when measured on scale in which the mass of an atom of 12C is exactly 12.