Chp. 18 Review Sheet

1. Many Turks that lived in Anatolia saw themselves as ​ (a)   which means warriors for ​ (b)   .  These Turks formed military societies under the leadership of an ​ ​ (c)   , or chief commander.  The most successful ghazi was ​ (d)   , who people in the West called Othman….his followers were called ​ (e)   .

• Ghazis
• Islam
• Emir
• Osman
• Ottomans
• Sultans
• Mongols
• Crusaders
• Byzantines
• Seljuks

1. Osman built a small Muslim state in ​ (a)   between 1300 and 1326.  The Muslim state would expand due to the use of ​ (b)   .  The Ottomans replaced their archers with soldiers carrying ​ (c)   and they were the first to use ​ (d)   as weapons of attack.

• Anatolia
• gunpowder
• muskets
• cannons
• Persia
• Arabia
• India
• China
• Egypt
• knifes

1. Osman’s son took over as the second Ottoman leader, his name was ​ (a)   ….he would give himself the title ​ (b)   that means “overlord”. Orkhan I continued to conquer lands, but the Ottomans acted wisely towards conquered people often improving the lives of peasants.  All ​ (c)   served in the army, and non Muslims did not have to but did have to pay a small exemption ​ (d)   .

• Orkhan I
• Sultan
• Muslims
• tax
• Mehmed II
• Bayezid I
• Suleiman the Magnificent
• Murad I

The Ottoman expansion was briefly halted in the 1400s by a rebellious warrior from Central Asia named Timur-i-Lang, but because he was permanently injured by an arrow in the leg, he was called _______ ____ _______.

(a)  

1. Timur burned the city of Baghdad and defeated the Ottomans at the battle (a)   in 1402 to halt their expansion.

1. The most dramatic feat in Ottoman history came under the rule of Mehmed II or ​ (a)   .  During Mehmed’s time, the once great city of ​ (b)   had gone from a population of a million people to 50,000.   Mehmed’s Turks began firing their mighty ​ (c)   at the city walls including a 26 foot gun that fired ​ (d)   pound boulders!  

• Mehmed the Conqueror
• Constantinople
• cannons
• 1,200
• Suleiman the Magnificent
• Athens
• arrows
• 500
• Selim the Grim

1. Constantinople had a giant ​ (a)   across the water that kept the Turks fleet out of the harbor.  Mehmeds army dragged 70 ​ (b)   over a hill on greased runners to the harbor so they could attack the city from both sides.  After ​ (c)   weeks the Turks finally broke the wall and conquered the city.  Mahmed opened the city up to all people and helped rebuild it...he also changed the name to ​ (d)   . 

• Chain
• ships
• 7
• Istanbul
• Rope
• Boats
• 5
• Constantinople
• Ankara

1. The Gupta Empire in India crumbled in the late 400s.  The people who invaded them were descendants from the Muslim ​ (a)   and Afghans…..their leader was a descendant of ​ ​ (b)   and of ​ Genghis khan ….they called themselves the ​ (c)   which means Mongols.

• Turks
• Timur the Lame
• Mughals
• Huns
• Sassanids
• Seljuks
• Sogdians
• Parthians

For almost 300 years beginning in the 8th century, the Muslims and the Hindus were at war.  Around the year 1,000 a ​ (a)   army swept into India.  The army devastated Indian cities and temples in ​ (b)   brutal campaigns. The city of ​ (c)   eventually became the capital of a loose empire of Turkish warlords called the ​ (d)   the sultans treated the ​ (e)   as conquered people

• Turkish
• 17
• Delhi
• Delhi Sultanate
• Hindus
• Mongol
• Persian
• Arab
• Greek
• Roman

1. In 1494 an 11 year old named ​ (a)   who was an ancestor of both Timur the Lame and ​ (b)   inherited a tiny kingdom in central Asia….his elders took it from him and drove Babur south.  Babur would grow and build up an army and later would sweep down into India and lay the foundation for the ​ (c)   empire.  Babur was a brilliant ​ (d)   , he led 12,000 troops against 100,000 lead by the sultan of ​ (e)   and won. 

• Babur
• Genghis Khan
• Mughal
• general
• Delhi
• Alexander the Great
• Attila the Hun
• Napoleon Bonaparte
• Julius Caesar
• Cleopatra