1. Formed using the auxiliary verb "have/has" followed by the past participle of the main verb.

• Present Perfect Simple

• Present Perfect Continuous

Often used with time expressions such as "since," "for," "already," "yet," "ever," and "never."

• Present Perfect Simple

• Present Perfect Continuous

Emphasizes the result or completion of an action rather than the action itself.

• Present Perfect Simple

• Present Perfect Continuous

Formed using the auxiliary verb "have/has" followed by "been" and Ving of the main verb.

• Present Perfect Simple

• Present Perfect Continuous

Indicates an action that started in the past and is still ongoing

• Present Perfect Simple

• Present Perfect Continuous

Often used to emphasize the duration or repetition of an action.

• Present Perfect Simple

• Present Perfect Continuous

Commonly used with time expressions such as "for," "since," and "lately."

• Present Perfect Simple

• Present Perfect Continuous

Formed using the auxiliary verb "will have" followed by the past participle of the main verb.

• Future Perfect Simple

• Future Perfect Continuous

Indicates an action that will be completed by a certain point in the future.

• Future Perfect Simple

• Future Perfect Continuous

Often used with time expressions such as "by," "by the time," or "before."

• Future Perfect Simple

• Future Perfect Continuous