Mastery: Cattle & Cotton

Indicate whether the statement is true (T) or false (F).

A key factor in the expansion of the cattle industry into western Texas was the Anglo Americans wiping out the buffalo.

• True

• False

Indicate whether the statement is true (T) or false (F).

Between 1860 and 1900, the state’s population multiplied five times, and many small towns developed close to railroads.

• True

• False

Indicate whether the statement is true (T) or false (F).

Texas cowhands adopted the protective leg coverings called corrales originally used by Spanish vaqueros.

• True

• False

Indicate whether the statement is true (T) or false (F).

The largest ranch in Texas was the King Ranch, located in the Panhandle.

• True

• False

Indicate whether the statement is true (T) or false (F).

George Wilkins Kendall was one of the first Texans to raise sheep mainly for their wool instead of for food.

• True

• False

Match each item with its description.

• tenant farmers

• shearers of sheep

• dry farmers

• moved animals from one place to another

• wranglers

• took care of horses

• drovers

• rented land to farm

• tasinques

• used new methods to farm in western Texas

Why was a new labor system needed in Texas agriculture after the Civil War?

• Enslaved workers were no longer available to work on Texas plantations.

• Landowners wanted to prevent the export of cotton.

• Texan casualties were so high in the Civil War that a labor shortage resulted.

• Northern armies imposed new ways of life on Texas farmers.

Based on the map, what feature of the cattle trails made them vital to the transportation of cattle to eastern markets?

• crossing of rivers

• eastward direction

• nearness of forts

• connections to railroads

Which invention aided in the national and international marketing of Texas cotton in the late 1800s?

• the gasoline-powered tractor

• the steam engine

• the telegraph

• air conditioning

Which of the following statements about the Texas cattle industry between the California Gold Rush and the end of the Civil War is accurate?

• The cattle industry declined in those years.

• The cattle industry boomed in those years.

• Ranchers first began driving cattle to railheads in Kansas and Nebraska.

• The Spanish perfected the ranching techniques that would later be used by Anglo American ranchers.