Prelim Psych Stat 2

What does data refer to?

• Specific categories

• Observations and measurements

• Values or observations

• Characteristics or attributes

What are variables in statistics and data analysis?

• Specific categories

• Observations and measurements

• Characteristics or attributes

• Values or observations

Can be categorical or numerical

• Data

• Variables

The variable being manipulated

• Independent Variable

• Dependent Variable

• Control Variable

• Confounding Variable

The variable that is influenced or affected by changes in another variable. It represents the outcome of the experiment.

• Independent Variable

• Dependent Variable

• Control Variable

• Confounding Variable

The variable that is constant, not manipulated

• Independent Variable

• Dependent Variable

• Control Variable

• Confounding Variable

This can happen when another variable is closely related to a variable you are interested in, but you haven't controlled it in your experiment. This can introduce research biases to the work, particularly omitted variable bias.

• Independent Variable

• Dependent Variable

• Control Variable

• Confounding Variable

What is the main purpose of manipulating a variable in quantitative research?

• To find out or isolate the effect on the dependent variable

• To hold constant variables

• To establish causality

• To introduce research biases

• To control other potential influences that might affect the dependent variable

The amount of salt added to each plant's water. This is an example of

• Independent Variable

• Dependent Variable

• Control Variable

• Confounding Variable

After the researcher manipulated the fertilizer on a plant, she measured plant growth (height, weight, yield).This is an example of

• Independent Variable

• Dependent Variable

• Control Variable

• Confounding Variable