IB Biología C.2 Comunidades y Ecosistemas

What is primary succession?

• The process of ecological succession that occurs in an area with abundant soil and vegetation

• The process of ecological succession that occurs in an area with moderate soil and vegetation

• The process of ecological succession that occurs in an area with excessive soil and vegetation

• The process of ecological succession that occurs in an area where no soil is present, such as on bare rock or sand.

Explain the process of nitrogen cycle in ecosystems.

• The nitrogen cycle in ecosystems involves processes such as evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, which recycle nitrogen through the atmosphere and water bodies.

• The nitrogen cycle in ecosystems involves processes such as erosion, sedimentation, and weathering, which recycle nitrogen through the soil and water.

• The nitrogen cycle in ecosystems involves processes such as nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification, which collectively recycle nitrogen through the soil, air, and living organisms.

• The nitrogen cycle in ecosystems involves processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration, which recycle nitrogen through the soil and air.

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What is the difference between exponential and logistic growth in a population?

• Exponential growth is only seen in plants, while logistic growth is only seen in animals

• The difference between exponential and logistic growth in a population is that exponential growth is unrestricted and continues at a constant rate, while logistic growth slows down as the population approaches its carrying capacity.

• Exponential growth is a linear process, while logistic growth is a non-linear process

• Exponential growth occurs in a declining population, while logistic growth occurs in a growing population

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Why is biodiversity important for the stability of ecosystems?

• Biodiversity is not important for the stability of ecosystems because it leads to overpopulation of certain species.

• Biodiversity is not important for the stability of ecosystems because it only benefits a few select species.

• Biodiversity is important for the stability of ecosystems because it ensures that a wide variety of species are present to perform different ecological functions.

• Biodiversity is not important for the stability of ecosystems because it does not affect ecological functions.

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Define trophic levels and provide examples of organisms in each level.

• Trophic levels are different types of habitats in an ecosystem, such as forests, grasslands, and wetlands

• Trophic levels are hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, consisting of producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and decomposers. Examples of organisms in each level include plants (producers), rabbits (primary consumers), snakes (secondary consumers), hawks (tertiary consumers), and fungi/bacteria (decomposers).

• Examples of trophic levels include mammals, birds, and reptiles

• Trophic levels are determined by the size of the organism, with larger organisms being higher in the trophic hierarchy

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What are pioneer species and how do they contribute to ecosystem succession?

• Pioneer species are the first to colonize a barren or disturbed area. They contribute to ecosystem succession by preparing the environment for more complex species to establish.

• Pioneer species have no impact on ecosystem succession.

• Pioneer species only contribute to ecosystem succession by competing with other species.

• Pioneer species are the largest and most dominant species in an ecosystem.

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Describe the process of carbon cycle in ecosystems.

• It includes processes such as evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.

• The carbon cycle in ecosystems involves the movement of nitrogen through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere.

• The carbon cycle in ecosystems involves the movement of carbon through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. It includes processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and combustion.

• The carbon cycle in ecosystems is solely driven by human activities such as transportation and industrial processes.

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What factors can affect the carrying capacity of a population in an ecosystem?

• Climate change, genetic diversity, and pollution

• Availability of resources, predation, disease, competition, and environmental changes

• Genetic diversity, pollution, and symbiosis

• Climate change, migration, and symbiosis

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How does human activity impact biodiversity in ecosystems?

• Human activity increases biodiversity in ecosystems

• Human activity only impacts biodiversity in marine ecosystems

• Human activity has no impact on biodiversity in ecosystems

• Human activity can lead to habitat destruction, loss of species, and disruption of food chains, ultimately impacting biodiversity in ecosystems.

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Explain the concept of energy flow in trophic levels within an ecosystem.

• Energy flow in trophic levels refers to the transfer of water from one organism to another within an ecosystem

• Energy flow in trophic levels refers to the transfer of genetic material from one organism to another within an ecosystem

• Energy flow in trophic levels refers to the transfer of nutrients from one organism to another within an ecosystem

• Energy flow in trophic levels refers to the transfer of energy from one organism to another within an ecosystem, starting with producers and moving through primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers.

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