Quiz about Earth Science: Sedimentary, Igneous & Metamorphic

Question 1

Base your answer to the next questions on the table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The data table describes some types of limestone.
Which limestone is classified as inorganic?

Accepted Answer

travertine

Answer

chalk

Answer

coquina

Answer

coral

Question 2

Base your answer on the three bedrock outcrops below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The outcrops, labeled I, II, and III, are located within 15 kilometers of each other. Lines AB and CD represent unconformities. Line XY represents a fault. No overturning of the layers has occurred. Which processes produced the brown siltstone layer in outcrops I and II?

Accepted Answer

compaction and cementation of rock fragments ranging in size from 0.0004 to 0.006 centimeter in diameter

Answer

cooling and solidification of mafic lava at Earth's surface

Answer

cooling and solidification of felsic magma deep within Earth

Answer

compaction and cementation of rock fragments ranging in size from 0.006 to 0.2 centimeter in diameter

Question 3

A mixture of rounded pebbles and sand was deposited in a river. Over time, these sediments were compacted and cemented together to form the sedimentary rock

Accepted Answer

conglomerate

Answer

sandstone

Answer

breccia

Answer

shale

Question 4

Which rock is composed of a mineral that can be used for the production of cement?

Accepted Answer

limestone

Answer

basalt

Answer

rock salt

Answer

rock gypsum

Question 5

Which rock is classified as an evaporite?

Accepted Answer

crystalline rock salt

Answer

clastic shale

Answer

foliated phyllite

Answer

nonfoliated marble

Question 6

Which map symbol is used to represent rock that formed as a result of the evaporation of seawater?

Accepted Answer

Question 7

What is the texture of inorganic land-derived sedimentary rocks?

Accepted Answer

clastic

Answer

bioclastic

Answer

crystalline

Answer

vesicular

Question 8

Which conditions could most likely produced a decrease in the water level in a lake?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation exceed precipitation

Answer

Runoff exceed precipitation.

Answer

Precipitation exceed runoff.

Answer

Precipitation exceed evaporation

Question 9

Which mineral precipitates from oceans and forms rock salt?

Accepted Answer

halite

Answer

quartz

Answer

fluorite

Answer

olivine

Question 10

Most rocks that form from fragmental rock particles are classified as

Accepted Answer

clastic sedimentary

Answer

extrusive igneous

Answer

intrusive igneous

Answer

chemical sedimentary

Question 11

A student classified the rock below as sedimentary. Which observation about the rock best supports this classification?

Accepted Answer

The rock contains fragments of other rocks.

Answer

The rock is composed of several minerals

Answer

The rock has a vesicular texture.

Answer

The rock shows distorted and stretched pebbles.

Question 12

Soil that contains large quantities of calcium was most likely formed by the weathering of

Accepted Answer

limestone

Answer

rock salt

Answer

quartzite

Answer

coal

Question 13

Most sandstone bedrock is composed of sediment that was

Accepted Answer

sorted by size and layered

Answer

sorted by size and not layered

Answer

unsorted and not layered

Answer

unsorted and layered

Question 14

Which process led to the formation of thick salt deposits found in the bedrock at some locations in New York State?

Accepted Answer

evaporation

Answer

melting

Answer

runoff

Answer

condensation

Question 15

Base your answer on the cross sections below, which represent two bedrock outcrops 15 kilometers apart. The rock layers have been numbered for identification and some contain the index fossil remains shown. When these rocks were deposited as sediments, this area was most likely

Accepted Answer

under the ocean

Answer

a desert between high mountains

Answer

repeatedly covered by lava flows

Answer

glaciated several times

Question 16

Base your answer on the block diagram below, which shows a portion of Eath's crust. Letters A, B, C, and D indicate sedimentary layers. Which processes produced rock layer B?

Accepted Answer

compaction and cementation

Answer

subduction and melting

Answer

uplift and solidification

Answer

heat and pressure

Question 17

Base your answer to the question on the drawings of six sedimentary rocks labeled A through F. Which table shows the rocks correctly classified by texture?

Accepted Answer

Question 18

Base your answer to the question on the drawings of six sedimentary rocks labeled A through F. Most of the rocks shown were formed by

Accepted Answer

compaction and/or cementation

Answer

volcanic eruptions and crystallization

Answer

heat and pressure

Answer

melting and/or solidification

Question 19

Base your answer to the question on the drawings of six sedimentary rocks labeled A through F. Most of the rocks shown were formed by

Accepted Answer

compaction and/or cementation

Answer

volcanic eruptions and crystallization

Answer

heat and pressure

Answer

melting and/or solidification

Question 20

A student obtains a cup of quartz sand from a beach. A saltwater solution is poured into the sand and allowed to evaporate. The mineral residue from the saltwater solution cements the sand grains together, forming a material that is most similar in origin to

Accepted Answer

a clastic sedimentary rock

Answer

an extrusive igneous rock

Answer

an intrusive igneous rock

Answer

a foliated metamorphic rock

Question 21

What are the rock name and map symbol used to represent the sedimentary rock that has a grain size of 0.006 to 0.2 centimeters?

Accepted Answer

Question 22

The diagram below shows a drill core of sediment that was taken from the bottom of a lake. Which types of rock would most likely form from compaction and cementation of these sediments?

Accepted Answer

sandstone and limestone

Answer

shale and coal

Answer

breccia and rock salt

Answer

conglomerate and siltstone

Question 23

Which type of rock most likely contains fossils?

Accepted Answer

shale

Answer

scoria

Answer

gabbro

Answer

schist

Question 24

The map below shows the area that, at one time, was covered by ancient Lake Bonneville. Evidence of ancient shorelines indicates that, near the end of the last ice age, Lake Bonneville existed in western Utah and eastern Nevada. The Great Salt Lake in Utah is a remnant of the former Lake Bonneville. Which material that was formerly on the bottom of Lake Bonneville is most likely exposed on the land surface today?

Accepted Answer

flat-lying evaporite deposits

Answer

folded metamorphic bedrock

Answer

coarse-grained coal beds

Answer

fine-grained layers of volcanic lava

Question 25

Which crushed rock would most likely weather the fastest in areas that receive high levels of acidic rain?

Accepted Answer

limestone

Answer

granite

Answer

quartzite

Question 26

Which rock is sedimentary in origin and formed as a result of chemical processes?

Accepted Answer

dolostone

Answer

granite

Answer

shale

Answer

breccia

Question 27

Dolostone is classified as which type of rock?

Accepted Answer

chemically formed sedimentary rock

Answer

land-derived sedimentary rock

Answer

foliated metamorphic rock

Answer

nonfoliated metamorphic rock

Question 28

Which igneous rock is formed from magma that cooled slowly and is composed of 5% amphibole, 8% biotite, 15% plagioclase feldspar, 37% quartz, and 35% potassium feldspar?

Accepted Answer

granite

Answer

rhyolite

Answer

diorite

Answer

scoria

Question 29

Scoria is a type of rock that forms most directly from the process of

Accepted Answer

solidification

Answer

cementation

Answer

erosion

Answer

metamorphism

Question 30

Which list identifies minerals present in andesite from the greatest percentage by volume to the least percentage by volume?

Accepted Answer

plagioclase feldspar, amphibole, biotite

Answer

biotite, plagioclase feldspar, amphibole

Answer

biotite, amphibole, plagioclase feldspar

Answer

plagioclase feldspar, biotite, amphibole

Question 31

Which igneous rock could physically weather to beach sand that contains the minerals pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar, and olivine?

Accepted Answer

gabbro

Answer

dunite

Answer

granite

Answer

peridotite

Question 32

Which element is always found in bioclastic sedimentary rocks?

Accepted Answer

carbon

Answer

iron

Answer

sodium

Answer

sulfur

Question 33

Base your answer to the next question on the diagram below, which represents a rock composed of cemented pebbles and sand. Which change would most likely occur if this rock became buried deep within Earth's crust and was subjected to intense heat and pressure, but did not melt?

Accepted Answer

The pebbles would become distorted and the sand would be recrystallized.

Answer

The density of the pebbles and sand would decrease

Answer

The rock would become a plutonic rock composed mostly of quartz.

Question 34

Base your answer to the next question on the diagram below, which represents a rock composed of cemented pebbles and sand. This rock should be classified as

Accepted Answer

a clastic sedimentary rock

Answer

an intrusive igneous rock

Answer

a bioclastic sedimentary rock

Question 35

Most of the sediment that is compacted and later forms shale bedrock is

Accepted Answer

clay

Answer

silt

Answer

sand

Answer

pebbles

Question 36

The geologic cross section below shows several rock units of Earth's crust. Some rock units are labeled A through E. Which two rock units formed from sediments deposited in horizontal layers?

Accepted Answer

A and B

Answer

B and C

Answer

C and D

Answer

D and E

Question 37

The diagram below shows three stages in the formation of a specific rock. Which rock is formed as a result of these three stages?

Accepted Answer

coal

Answer

limestone

Answer

gneiss

Answer

schist

Question 38

Which two processes lead directly to the formation of both breccia and conglomerate?

Accepted Answer

compaction and cementation

Answer

melting and solidification

Answer

heat and pressure

Answer

evaporation and precipitation

Question 39

The diagram below shows some features in a cave. Which type of rock was chemically weathered by acidic groundwater to produce the cave and its features?

Accepted Answer

limestone

Answer

siltstone

Answer

basalt

Answer

quartzite

Question 40

The presence of brachiopod, nautiloid, and coral fossils in the surface bedrock of a certain area indicates the area was once covered by

Accepted Answer

ocean water

Answer

tropical vegetation

Answer

glacial deposits

Answer

volcanic ash

Question 41

Which rock was organically formed and sometimes contains fossilized plant impressions?

Accepted Answer

coal

Answer

rock gypsum

Answer

phyllite

Answer

breccia

Question 42

The fossil below was found in surface bedrock in the eastern United States. Which statement best describes the formation of the rock containing this fossil?

Accepted Answer

The rock was formed by the compaction and cementation of sediments deposited in a marine environment during the Cambrian Period.

Answer

The rock was formed by the metamorphism of sedimentary rock deposited in a terrestrial environment during the Cretaceous Period.

Answer

The rock was formed by the compaction and cementation of sediments deposited in a terrestrial environment during the Triassic Period.

Question 43

Which igneous rock has a fine-grained texture and would have a mineral composition of 57% plagioclase feldspar, 28% amphibole, and 15% biotite?

Accepted Answer

andesite

Answer

gabbro

Answer

pegmatite

Answer

scoria

Question 44

Which two minerals would most likely be found in the igneous rock if the rock is highly mafic?

Accepted Answer

olivine and pyroxene

Answer

quartz and potassium feldspar

Answer

quartz and pyroxene

Answer

olivine and potassium feldspar

Question 45

The photograph below shows a magnified view of a portion of a rock that can float if placed in water. Which terms best describe this rock?

Accepted Answer

non-crystalline and vesicular

Answer

coarse and non-vesicular

Answer

elastic and fragmental

Answer

foliated and banded

Question 46

Which processes lead directly to the formation of igneous rock?

Accepted Answer

melting and solidification

Answer

weathering and erosion

Answer

compaction and cementation

Answer

heat and pressure

Question 47

Which texture best describes an igneous rock that formed deep underground?

Accepted Answer

coarse grained

Answer

glassy

Answer

vesicular

Answer

fine grained

Question 48

Mineral crystals of quartz, biotite mica, and amphibole are produced primarily by the

Accepted Answer

cooling and solidification of magma

Answer

chemical reaction of elements in seawater

Answer

deposition of sediments by a glacier

Answer

metamorphism of bituminous coal

Question 49

The flowchart below illustrates the change from melted rock to basalt. The solidification of the melted rock occurred

Accepted Answer

rapidly, resulting in fine-grained minerals

Answer

slowly, resulting in fine-grained minerals

Answer

slowly, resulting in coarse-grained minerals

Answer

rapidly, resulting in coarse-grained minerals

Question 50

Obsidian's glassy texture indicates that it formed

Accepted Answer

quickly, on Earth's surface

Answer

slowly, deep below Earth's surface

Answer

slowly, on Earth's surface

Answer

quickly, deep below Earth's surface

Question 51

Which graph best represents the relative densities of three different types of igneous rock?

Accepted Answer

Question 52

Base your answer on on the data table below, which shows information about the four largest asteroids found in our solar system. The surface rocks of Vesta contain significant amounts of the mineral pyroxene. If rocks on Vesta are similar to rocks on Earth, which two igneous rocks would most likely be found on the surface of Vesta?

Accepted Answer

basalt and scoria

Answer

dunite and granite

Answer

rhyolite and pegmatite

Question 53

Which processes formed the granite that is mined in Vermont?

Accepted Answer

cooling and solidification of magma

Answer

compaction and cementation of sediments

Answer

uplift and weathering of bedrock

Answer

application of heat and pressure to shale

Question 54

The granite bedrock formed when

Accepted Answer

magma cooled underground

Answer

sediments were buried

Answer

a volcano erupted

Answer

limestone recrystallized

Question 55

Which igneous rock is dark colored, cooled rapidly on Earth's surface, and is composed mainly of plagioclase feldspar, olivine, and pyroxene?

Accepted Answer

scoria

Answer

obsidian

Answer

rhyolite

Answer

gabbro

Question 56

The photograph below shows an igneous rock. What is the origin and rate of formation of this rock?

Accepted Answer

volcanic with rapid cooling

Answer

plutonic with slow cooling

Answer

plutonic with rapid cooling

Answer

volcanic with slow cooling

Question 57

Which igneous rock has a vesicular texture and contains the minerals potassium feldspar and quartz?

Accepted Answer

pumice

Answer

andesite

Answer

pegmatite

Question 58

What is the origin of fine-grained igneous rock?

Accepted Answer

lava that cooled quickly on Earth's surface

Answer

lava that cooled slowly on Earth's surface

Answer

silt that settled slowly in ocean water

Question 59

An igneous rock is mostly composed of potassium feldspar and quartz crystals that have an average grain size of 3 millimeters. The igneous rock is most likely

Accepted Answer

granite

Answer

pegmatite

Answer

gabbro

Answer

pumice

Question 60

The diagram below represents rock A changing into rock B. Which process causes rock A to change into rock B?

Accepted Answer

metamorphism

Answer

melting

Answer

solidification

Answer

precipitation

Question 61

The photograph below shows the metamorphic rock gneiss. Three minerals that would most likely be found in this rock are

Accepted Answer

quartz, mica, and feldspar

Answer

pyroxene, calcite, and fluorite

Answer

garnet, hornblende, and talc

Answer

amphibole, augite, and hematite

Question 62

Which metamorphic rock most likely formed at the interface between rock unit B and the igneous rock?

Accepted Answer

quartzite

Answer

metaconglomerate

Answer

phyllite

Answer

marble

Question 63

The diagram below indicates physical changes that accompany the conversion of shale to gneiss. Which geologic process is occurring to cause this conversion?

Accepted Answer

metamorphism

Answer

sedimentary layering

Answer

intrusion of magma

Answer

weathering

Question 64

Which two rocks contain the mineral quartz?

Accepted Answer

granite and gneiss

Answer

gabbro and schist

Answer

dunite and sandstone

Answer

pumice and scoria

Earth Science: Sedimentary, Igneous & Metamorphic

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