APES Chapter 16 Review

Who discovered the large collection of plastic debris in the Pacific Ocean that is now called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?

• Captain Charles Moore

• Captain James Cook

• Captain John Smith

• Captain Edward Teach

What is the size of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?

• 1.6 million km²

• 2 million km²

• 500,000 km²

• 3 million km²

What are the small pieces of plastic that result from the degradation of larger plastic pieces called?

• Nanoplastics

• Microplastics

• Bioplastics

• Macroplastics

Which substances can some plastics contain that are toxic to organisms?

• Bisphenol A and phthalates

• Carbonates and sulfates

• Glucose and fructose

• Calcium and magnesium

What can plastics in the ocean "grab" and concentrate, increasing their toxicity?

• Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus

• Salts such as sodium chloride

• Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as DDT and PCBs

• Minerals such as iron and copper

Approximately how many years does it take for plastics to degrade at sea, making their collection unviable?

• 5 to 10 years

• 50 to 60 years

• 100 to 200 years

• 500 to 600 years

What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by the "world ocean"?

• 51.7%

• 71%

• 97.5%

• 75.9%

What is the primary reason ocean water is salty?

• Evaporation of water leaving salts behind

• Pollution from human activities

• Direct salt deposits from rocks

• Saltwater fish and marine life

The salinity of ocean water generally ranges from how many parts per million?

• 3,000 to 7,000 parts per million

• 13,000 to 17,000 parts per million

• 23,000 to 27,000 parts per million

• 33,000 to 37,000 parts per million

Which of the following features can cause the ocean's seafloor topography to be rugged?

• Reefs and volcanism

• Smooth continental shelves

• Uniform sediment deposition

• Icebergs and glaciers