IB DP Sports Science Topic 1

What is muscle contraction?

• Muscle contraction is the process in which muscle fibers generate tension and shorten to produce movement.

• Muscle contraction is the process of muscle fibers generating heat instead of movement.

• Muscle contraction is the process of muscle fibers relaxing and lengthening.

• Muscle contraction is the process of bones moving without muscle involvement.

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Name the three types of muscle contractions.

• Eccentric, Eccentric, Eccentric

• Isotonic, Isotonic, Isotonic

• Isometric, Isometric, Isometric

• Isotonic, Isometric, Eccentric

Explain the process of muscle contraction.

• Muscle contraction occurs due to the binding of actin to myosin

• The process of muscle contraction involves the release of calcium ions, binding of myosin to actin, formation of cross-bridges, and ATP-driven detachment and recocking of myosin heads.

• Muscle contraction is solely controlled by the nervous system

• The process of muscle contraction involves the release of sodium ions

How does the sliding filament theory explain muscle contraction?

• The sliding filament theory explains muscle contraction by the sliding of actin over myosin filaments.

• Muscle contraction is explained by the sliding of myosin over actin filaments in the sliding filament theory.

• The sliding filament theory involves the contraction of muscle fibers by expanding actin filaments.

• The sliding filament theory describes muscle contraction as the shortening of myosin filaments.

What are the three energy systems in the body?

• Phosphagen system, glycolytic system, and oxidative system

• ATP-PC system, lactic acid system, and citric acid system

• Krebs cycle, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain

• Anaerobic system, aerobic system, and respiratory system

Which energy system is primarily used during short, high-intensity activities?

• Anaerobic system

• Krebs cycle

• ATP-PCr system

• Glycolytic system

Describe the ATP-PCr system and its role in energy production.

• The ATP-PCr system is used during low-intensity, long-duration activities

• The ATP-PCr system is a long-term energy system

• The ATP-PCr system is a short-term energy system that provides immediate energy through the breakdown of phosphocreatine (PCr) to create ATP. This system is used during high-intensity, short-duration activities like sprinting or weightlifting.

• The ATP-PCr system is not involved in energy production

What is the main energy source for the anaerobic glycolysis system?

• glucose

• fructose

• maltose

• sucrose

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How does the aerobic system differ from the anaerobic systems in terms of energy production?

• The aerobic system operates without oxygen, breaking down glucose with a higher ATP yield.

• The aerobic system uses oxygen and oxidizes carbohydrates and fats for energy production, yielding more ATP, while anaerobic systems operate without oxygen, breaking down glucose with a lower ATP yield.

• The anaerobic systems use oxygen and oxidize carbohydrates and fats for energy production, yielding more ATP.

• The aerobic system and anaerobic systems both use oxygen, but the former breaks down glucose with a lower ATP yield.

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Discuss the importance of understanding energy systems in sports performance.

• Energy systems in sports performance are only relevant for professional athletes

• Understanding energy systems in sports performance has no impact on training or recovery

• It is unnecessary to understand energy systems in sports performance

• It is important to understand energy systems in sports performance to optimize training, performance, and recovery.

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