Attitudes and Motivation

Robert Gardner s has carried out a programme of research on the relationship between?

• a learner’s attitudes towards the L2 and its community

• a learner’s attitudes towards success in L2 learning

• a teacher's attitudes towards the L2 and its community, and success in L2 learning

• a learner’s attitudes towards the L2 and its community, and success in L2 learning

there is ample evidence that ________ _________are associated with a willingness to keep learning.

• positive attitudes
• Attitudes

• Positive motivation

• Positive environment

Motivation in L2 learning is a _______phenomenon

• enduring

• complex

• interesting

• tedious

Motivation in L2 learning is a complex phenomenon. It has been defined in terms of two factors?

• learners’ communicative needs, and their attitudes towards the second language community

• teachers’ communicative needs

• learners’ communicative needs, and their action towards the second language community

• learners’ attitudes towards the second language community

Robert Gardner and Wallace Lambert (1972) coined the terms?

• instrumental motivation

• interactive motivation

• instrumental motivation and integrative motivation

• integrative motivation

However, in some learning environments, it is difficult to distinguish between these two types of orientation to the ______ ________ and its community.

• target language

• society

• examination

• commuication skill

Zoltán Dörnyei (2001a) developed a process-oriented model of motivation that consists of ___phases.

• two

• many

• five

• three

‘motivation retrospection’, refers to students’ appraisal of and reaction to their ___?

• exam result

• ability

• performance

• process

‘executive motivation’, is about carrying out the necessary tasks to___ motivation

• maintain

• temporary

• permanent

• educational

Dörnyei (2001b) proposes and describes concrete and innovative methods and ___that can help teachers motivate learners throughout these three phases.

• applications

• lessons

• techniques

• characteristic