Unit 6: Industrialization and Imperialism

The industrial Revolution began in Britain due to...

• The Agricultural Revolution
• Enclosure Laws
• Britain's Economy and Natural Resources
• All of the above

The industrialization of Great Britain’s economy in the mid-eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is most directly explained by which of the following?

• Britain had large reserves of petroleum.
• British scientists were the first to discover electricity.
• Britain had large reserves of coal
• British engineers developed new methods of producing cheaper steel.

The image best illustrates which factor that contributed to Great Britain’s increasing prominence as a global power in the nineteenth century?

• Great Britain’s location on the Atlantic Ocean and its many waterways enabled it to import and export goods.
• Agricultural innovations, such as crop rotation and higher-yielding seeds, increased British agricultural output, kept food prices low, and freed up labor from the countryside.
• Great Britain’s rapidly growing population ensured a steady supply of industrial workers.
• Great Britain’s access to foreign resources from colonized territories provided raw materials for manufacturing.

Which of the following most directly explains the importance of improved agricultural productivity to the industrialization of economic production in western Europe in the period 1750–1900 ?

• Because the nutritional quality of food greatly improved, more people were able to sustain the long working hours that factory labor required.
• Because less labor was needed on farms, more people moved to urban areas to work in factories.
• Because farmers needed less land to produce the same amount of food, they could build textile factories on the excess land.
• Because greater quantities of food could be sold at higher prices, governments could tax farmers at higher rates and use those revenues to build factories.

The development of the factory system most directly explains which of the following characteristics of the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?

• The higher degree of educational achievement among workers
• A decline in the diversity of consumer goods
• Large increases in the prices of most consumer goods
• The greater degree of labor specialization

Adoption of which of the following power sources has contributed the most to increasing the energy available to humans?

• Draft animals
• Wind power
• Fossil fuels
• Nuclear power

The “Second Industrial Revolution” in the last half of the nineteenth century was associated with the mass production of which of the following groups of products?

• Textiles, iron, and coal
• Textiles, automobiles, and plastics
• Electricity, automobiles, and airplanes
• Electricity, steel, and chemicals

Muhammad Ali developed the cotton textile industry in Egypt by...

• nationalizing all the land of Egypt and essentially creating a monopoly on trade.
• encouraging a free-market.
• allowing business men to form a council to advise him on economics.
• following Western established patterns.

Japan’s industrialization during the Meiji period and the Soviet Union’s industrialization during the 1920s and 1930s had which of the following characteristics in common?

• Industrialization in both countries was achieved largely through state direction rather than through private initiative.
• Foreign investment capital financed both industrialization programs.
• The working classes of both countries began to rebel against poor working conditions and to join political parties.
• Both governments aimed to maintain women’s inferior status while continuing to work on making economic progress.

Which of the following was the main factor leading to the fall of Japan’s Tokugawa shogunate and the rise of the Meiji government?

• Pressure from an increasingly powerful China
• Large-scale radical peasant rebellion
• Economic instability and hyperinflation
• Pressure from Western powers