Hannibal - Spain and Africa

Which Scipios were involved in the campaign in Spain?

• Publius Scipio

• Scipio Africanus

• Gnaeus Scipio Calvus

• Scipio Aemilianus

Why did Scipio eventually offer a peace deal to the Carthaginians? (2 answers)

• Hannibal begged him

• He was impressed by the size of Carthage and knew it would take ages to besiege

• He was coming to the end of his consulship and didn't want anyone else to get credit

• Hanno II offered a secret deal, unbeknown to Hannibal and the Carthaginians

Match the following people to their significance

• Scipio Africanus

• Key politician in Carthage, opposed to Hannibal

• Masinissa

• head was thrown into Hannibal's camp

• Hanno II

• Numidian prince who allied to the Romans

• Hasdrubal

• conqueror of New Carthage

Label the key parts of the armies at the Battle of Zama

a

b

c

d

elephants

Masinissa

triarii

experienced Carthaginians

What did Livy think of Hannibal's leadership at the battle of Zama?

• He failed because he didn't strengthen his flanks

• the way he set-up the army was an example of his brilliance as a commander

• He was cowardly in not attacking with himself at the front

• He was too trusting of the Gauls and Italian allies

What was the key consequence of the battle of Metaurus?

• Hasdrubal's death meant that Hannibal would never receive any reinforcements

• Hannibal was forced to return to Carthage

• The Romans completed the conquest of Spain

• Roman declared Scipio dictator

Match the following battles with their key learning point

• Zama

• A rerun of Cannae, but this time the Carthaginians fail to envelop

• siege of New Carthage

• Scipio uses Hannibal-style tactics on the Carthaginians

• Hibera/Dertosa

• The Romans cross a lagoon at low-tide to surprise the enemy

• Ilipa

• Numidian cavalry support of the Romans makes the difference

According to Livy who/what does Hannibal blame for his failure in Italy?

• Lack of support from Hanno in Carthage

• the weather

• the endless resources of Rome

• quality Roman leadership

• Himself for not marching on Rome after Cannae

Which of the following points does Hannibal make to Scipio to suggest a peace deal prior to Zama?

• fortune is fickle - don't push your luck like I did.

• Your army doesn't have elephants, so it can't win

• Rome can have all the islands in the Mediterranean and Spain

• he is willing to hand himself over in exchange for peace

Reorder the following events

• Battle of Ilipa

• Hannibal's recap to Africa

• Roman conquest of New Carthage

• Battle of Zama

• Battle of Hibera